Urbanisation is the transformation of a natural ecosystem into more artificial habitat to give way for development and is occurring at an unprecedented rate globally. The urban expansion involves alterations of urban landscapes, resulting in habitat loss and threatening biodiversity. Landscape attributes of urban areas are known to influence urban bird composition, but to what extent is still poorly understood. Thus, several urban areas in west Peninsular Malaysia with varying intensity of urbanisation were chosen to determine the effect of landscape attributes on bird communities. A total of 4936 individual birds from 20 species representing 14 families, were recorded throughout the observations, dominated by Corvidae (crows). Based on the functional groups, only garden birds and omnivory feeding guild showed a significant difference in their abundance among different urban sites. Omnivory was the most abundant feeding guild (80%), dominated by House crow (Corvus splendens). This study shows that species composition is not influenced by level of urban intensity, but by the landscape attributes of each urban area. Multiple Regression analysis indicated that water bodies and roads significantly predicted species richness of birds, whereas high vegetation cover, road, and open area significantly predicted bird abundance. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination indicated that urban birds are not selective of landscape attributes, unlike other bird groups. This study revealed that heterogeneity of landscape attributes is essential to enhance bird composition and ultimately biodiversity in urban areas, thus key factors in designing ecocentric cities.

城市化是将自然生态系统转变为更加人工的栖息地，为发展让路，并且在全球范围内以前所未有的速度发生。城市扩张涉及城市景观的改变，导致栖息地丧失并威胁生物多样性。众所周知，城市地区的景观属性会影响城市鸟类的构成，但在多大程度上仍知之甚少。因此，选择了马来西亚半岛西部城市化程度不同的几个城市地区来确定景观属性对鸟类群落的影响。在整个观察过程中，总共记录了来自 14 个科的 20 个物种的 4936 只鸟，主要是鸦科（乌鸦）。根据官能团，只有园林鸟类和杂食动物饲养公会在不同城市地点的数量上表现出显着差异。Omnivory 是最丰富的饲养公会 (80%)，由家鸦 (House crow) (乌鸦座灿烂）。本研究表明，物种组成不受城市强度水平的影响，而是受每个城市区域的景观属性影响。多元回归分析表明，水体和道路显着预测鸟类的物种丰富度，而高植被覆盖、道路和开阔地显着预测鸟类丰富度。规范对应分析 (CCA) 排序表明，与其他鸟类群体不同，城市鸟类对景观属性没有选择性。这项研究表明，景观属性的异质性对于增强城市地区的鸟类组成和最终的生物多样性至关重要，因此是设计以生态为中心的城市的关键因素。