The latest advances in next-generation sequencing studies and transcriptomic profiling over the past decade have highlighted a surprising frequency of genes regulated by RNA processing mechanisms in the immune system. In particular, two control steps in mRNA maturation, namely alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, are now recognized to occur in the vast majority of human genes. Both have the potential to alter the identity of the encoded protein, as well as control protein abundance or even protein localization or association with other factors. In this review, we will provide a summary of the general mechanisms by which alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) occur, their regulation within cells of the immune system, and their impact on immunobiology. In particular, we will focus on how control of apoptosis by AS and APA is used to tune cell fate during an immune response.

中文翻译：

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三者：选择性剪接、选择性多聚腺苷酸化及其对免疫功能细胞凋亡的影响

过去十年中下一代测序研究和转录组学分析的最新进展突显了免疫系统中受 RNA 加工机制调节的基因的惊人频率。特别是，现在公认绝大多数人类基因中都存在 mRNA 成熟中的两个控制步骤，即选择性剪接和选择性多聚腺苷酸化。两者都有可能改变编码蛋白质的身份，以及控制蛋白质丰度甚至蛋白质定位或与其他因素的关联。在这篇综述中，我们将总结选择性剪接 (AS) 和选择性多聚腺苷酸化 (APA) 发生的一般机制、它们在免疫系统细胞内的调节以及它们对免疫生物学的影响。尤其是，