Humanity is at a crossroads in addressing biodiversity loss. Several assessments have reported on the weak compliance with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). To address this lack of compliance, the challenges in implementing and enforcing CBD obligations must be understood. Key implementation challenges of the CBD are identified through a content analysis of policy documents, multi-stakeholder interviews, and participant observation at the recent CBD Conference of the Parties. Building on this analysis, the article explores the extent to which the review mechanisms of international human rights law, with their various strategies for eliciting compliance, can help to improve CBD mechanisms. The findings of this article reveal insights that the CBD can draw from international human rights law to address these compliance challenges, such as facilitating the participation of civil society organizations to provide specific input, and engaging independent biodiversity experts to assess implementation. The article concludes that insights from human rights review mechanisms are useful for improving the emerging peer review mechanism of the CBD, which is important for strengthening accountability within the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

人类正处于解决生物多样性丧失的十字路口。几项评估报告称，《生物多样性公约》（CBD）缔约方对爱知生物多样性目标的遵守不力。为了解决这种不合规的问题，必须了解实施和执行 CBD 义务的挑战。通过对政策文件的内容分析、多方利益相关者访谈和最近举行的 CBD 缔约方会议的参与观察，确定了 CBD 的主要实施挑战。在此分析的基础上，本文探讨了国际人权法的审查机制及其各种促使遵守的策略，可以在多大程度上帮助改进 CBD 机制。本文的研究结果揭示了 CBD 可以从国际人权法中汲取的见解来应对这些合规挑战，例如促进民间社会组织的参与以提供具体的意见，并聘请独立的生物多样性专家来评估实施情况。文章得出结论，人权审查机制的见解有助于改进 CBD 新兴的同行审查机制，这对于加强 2020 年后全球生物多样性框架内的问责制非常重要。