Maintaining a generation-demand balance becomes more challenging nowadays due to the limited availability of traditional automatic generation control (AGC) and spinning reserves. In response to this concern, the purpose of the proposed paper is to bridge the gap by introducing battery energy storage system (BESS) control loop in the load frequency control (LFC) system. Furthermore, a minimum variable share of demand response (DR) is utilized as an additional mean to regulate the system frequency. The growing intermittency of controllable loads calls the awareness to incorporate frequency-sensitive loads by considering a variable load-damping coefficient in LFC problem. The presented control scheme demonstrates a stable power operation with the optimal sharing of BESS, dynamic DR, and the supplementary control loop. Moreover, because of the continuous and sudden variations in the demand, adaptive LFC controller is designed using fuzzy logic based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) tuning method. The proposed controller ensures a stable and robust frequency regulation of the system under load fluctuations. In this paper it is revealed that adding the BESS control loop is very effective in enhancing the performance of LFC as it can deliver fast power compensation. The obtained results prove the capability and effectiveness of the proposed method in an isolated power system.

中文翻译：

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孤立电力系统中结合电池储能系统、需求响应最小变量贡献和可变负载阻尼系数的协调智能频率控制

由于传统自动发电控制 (AGC) 和旋转备用的可用性有限，如今保持发电与需求平衡变得更具挑战性。针对这一问题，本文的目的是通过在负载频率控制（LFC）系统中引入电池储能系统（BESS）控制环来弥补这一差距。此外，需求响应（DR）的最小可变份额被用作调节系统频率的附加手段。可控负载不断增长的间歇性要求人们认识到在 LFC 问题中考虑可变负载阻尼系数来纳入频率敏感负载。所提出的控制方案展示了通过最佳共享 BESS、动态 DR 和辅助控制环路实现稳定的功率运行。此外，由于需求的连续和突然变化，采用基于粒子群优化（PSO）调整方法的模糊逻辑设计了自适应LFC控制器。所提出的控制器确保系统在负载波动下稳定且鲁棒的频率调节。本文表明，添加 BESS 控制环路对于增强 LFC 的性能非常有效，因为它可以提供快速功率补偿。所得结果证明了该方法在隔离电力系统中的能力和有效性。