Two perspectives stand out in examining international variations in innovative new venture creation: institutions and national culture. However, systematic insights into the interconnections between institutional and cultural perspectives and their effects on entrepreneurship are severely lacking. In order to fill this gap, the current research integrates two prominent yet under-explored institutional and cultural factors: linguistic future-time reference (FTR) as an institutional factor and long-term orientation as a cultural factor, and considers how they are linked through the time perspective reflected in risk and uncertainty perception. Drawing upon linguistic relativity theory and cultural theory, we propose that institutions with strong FTR languages and cultures with short-term orientation are more likely to foster innovative new venture creation. We utilized merged, multi-level, and multi-source data of 34,673 entrepreneurs from 42 countries to test our hypotheses. We also conducted a series of scenario-based, intra-group experiments with bilingual entrepreneurs to further confirm that strong-FTR has a positive relationship with innovative new venture creation. Results offer compelling support for our hypotheses.

在考察创新性新创企业的国际差异时，有两个观点比较突出：制度和民族文化。然而，严重缺乏对制度和文化观点之间的相互联系及其对创业的影响的系统洞察。为了填补这一空白，目前的研究整合了两个突出但尚未探索的制度和文化因素：作为制度因素的语言未来时间参考（FTR）和作为文化因素的长期取向，并考虑它们之间的联系通过时间视角反映在风险和不确定性感知中。借鉴语言相对论和文化理论，我们建议拥有强大的 FTR 语言和文化的机构更有可能促进创新的新企业创建。我们利用来自 42 个国家的 34,673 位企业家的合并、多层次和多源数据来检验我们的假设。我们还对双语企业家进行了一系列基于场景的组内实验，以进一步证实强 FTR 与创新型新企业的创建具有正相关关系。结果为我们的假设提供了令人信服的支持。