Smart windows have attracted increasing attentions in recent decades because of their ability to automatically regulate indoor solar irradiation, reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning, and maintain comfortable thermal environment for indoors. As a typical thermochromic material, vanadium dioxide exhibits reversible metal-insulator transition accompanied with dramatic optical transmittance changes near room temperature, which makes VO₂-based smart windows promising for practical uses in ambient conditions. This review summarizes recent advancements of techniques utilized for tailoring the properties of VO₂ to meet the specific requirements for smart windows. The phase transition temperature (T_c) should be reduced approaching room temperature, while luminous transmittance (T_lum) and solar energy modulation efficiency (ΔT_sol) must be high enough to capture adequate daylight and perform with an energy-saving trend. Doping strategy and integrating with functional coatings can regulate the properties of VO₂ films. Besides the passive response to ambient temperature, electrothermal techniques and integration with specific materials, which generate heat, can enable VO₂ to work with improved optical properties regardless of its higher T_c than room temperature. Future map for the development of VO₂ films are provided in the last part of the review.

近几十年来，智能窗户因其能够自动调节室内太阳辐射、降低空调能耗、保持室内舒适的热环境而受到越来越多的关注。作为一种典型的热致变色材料，二氧化钒在室温附近表现出可逆的金属-绝缘体转变，伴随着显着的光学透射率变化，这使得基于VO ₂的智能窗户有望在环境条件下实际应用。本综述总结了用于定制 VO ₂特性以满足智能窗户特定要求的技术的最新进展。相变温度 (T _c) 应在接近室温时降低，而透光率 (T _lum ) 和太阳能调制效率 (ΔT _sol ) 必须足够高，以捕获足够的日光并具有节能趋势。掺杂策略和与功能涂层的结合可以调节 VO ₂薄膜的性能。除了对环境温度的被动响应之外，电热技术以及与产生热量的特定材料的集成可以使 VO ₂以改进的光学特性工作，而不管其 T _c高于室温。评论的最后一部分提供了VO ₂电影发展的未来地图。