Springs are complex and taxa rich ecosystems. Diatom assemblages have received very little attention in spring ecosystems in Iran; hence, the diatom assemblage in three selected springs in northeast Iran, were investigated using multivariate analysis together with hydro chemical measures. For this purpose, water and diatom samples collected during four seasons of 2019. Hydrochemistry results revealed that water-rock interaction is the most important factor in changing the water chemistry of studied springs and their waters produced from carbonate reservoir rocks (mainly calcite). As a result, Ca-HCO₃ is predominate water type in all three springs. In this study, 75 diatom taxa identified, from which 55 were included in the analysis. Cluster analysis based on diatoms relative abundance, clustered samples in two major groups and third small group. Results of the indicator species analysis for groups and DCA analysis were in the absolute conformity. Results revealed that the diatom assemblage dominated by combination of early colonizer taxa, spring indicator taxa and cosmopolitan taxa; most of them also reported from different spring types. The results also showed that the spring’s diatom composition influence by size and morphology of the springs.

泉水生态系统复杂，生态系统丰富。硅藻组合在伊朗春季生态系统中很少受到关注；因此，使用多变量分析和水化学测量方法研究了伊朗东北部三个选定泉水的硅藻组合。为此，在 2019 年四个季节收集了水和硅藻样品。 水化学结果表明，水-岩相互作用是改变所研究泉水及其由碳酸盐储层岩石（主要是方解石）产生的水的水化学的最重要因素。因此，Ca-HCO ₃在所有三个泉水中都是主要的水类型。在这项研究中，确定了 75 种硅藻类群，其中 55 种被纳入分析。基于硅藻相对丰度的聚类分析，将样本分为两大类和第三小类。各组指标种分析结果与DCA分析结果完全一致。结果表明，硅藻组合以早期殖民者分类群、春季指示分类群和世界性分类群的组合为主；他们中的大多数还报告了不同的弹簧类型。结果还表明，泉水的硅藻成分受泉水大小和形态的影响。