Advances in the development of anti-tumour drugs and related technologies have resulted in a significant increase in the number of cancer survivors. However, the incidence of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) has been rising continuously, threatening their long-term survival. The integration of nanotechnology and biomedicine has brought about an unprecedented technological revolution and has promoted the progress of anti-tumour therapy. In this review, we summarised the possible mechanisms of CIC, evaluated the role of nanoparticles (including liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, and hydrogels) as drug carriers in preventing cardiotoxicity and proposed five advantages of nanotechnology in reducing cardiotoxicity: Liposomes cannot easily penetrate the heart’s endothelial barrier; optimized delivery strategies reduce distribution in important organs, such as the heart; targeting the tumour microenvironment and niche; stimulus-responsive polymer nano-drug carriers rapidly iterate; better economic benefits were obtained. Nanoparticles can effectively deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumour tissues, while reducing the toxicity to heart tissues, and break through the dilemma of existing chemotherapy to a certain extent. It is important to explore the interactions between the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and optimize the highly specific tumour targeting strategy in the future.

抗肿瘤药物和相关技术的发展使得癌症幸存者的数量显着增加。然而，化疗引起的心脏毒性（CIC）的发生率不断上升，威胁着他们的长期生存。纳米技术与生物医学的融合带来了前所未有的技术革命，推动了抗肿瘤治疗的进步。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 CIC 的可能机制，评估了纳米颗粒（包括脂质体、聚合物胶束、树枝状聚合物和水凝胶）作为药物载体在预防心脏毒性方面的作用，并提出了纳米技术在降低心脏毒性方面的五个优势：心脏内皮屏障；优化的递送策略减少了重要器官（如心脏）的分布；针对肿瘤微环境和生态位；刺激响应性高分子纳米药物载体快速迭代；取得了较好的经济效益。纳米颗粒可以有效地将化疗药物递送至肿瘤组织，同时降低对心脏组织的毒性，在一定程度上突破现有化疗的困境。探索纳米粒子理化性质之间的相互作用，对未来高度特异性的肿瘤靶向策略进行优化具有重要意义。纳米颗粒可以有效地将化疗药物递送至肿瘤组织，同时降低对心脏组织的毒性，在一定程度上突破现有化疗的困境。探索纳米粒子理化性质之间的相互作用，对未来高度特异性的肿瘤靶向策略进行优化具有重要意义。纳米颗粒可以有效地将化疗药物递送至肿瘤组织，同时降低对心脏组织的毒性，在一定程度上突破现有化疗的困境。探索纳米粒子理化性质之间的相互作用，对未来高度特异性的肿瘤靶向策略进行优化具有重要意义。