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Local Values and Data Empower Culturally Guided Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management of the Wuikinuxv Bear–Salmon–Human System
Marine and Coastal Fisheries ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-07 , DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10171
Megan S. Adams 1, 2, 3, 4 , Brendan Connors 5 , Taal Levi 6 , Danielle Shaw 7 , Jennifer Walkus 7 , Scott Rogers 2 , Chris Darimont 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Despite numerous examples of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) addressing tradeoffs between ecological and commercial fishery interests, local social and cultural concerns are less frequently considered. We illustrate how Indigenous fishery harvest goals and data from locally driven wildlife research can inform EBFM, guided by cultural values of respect for and reciprocity with wildlife. Grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis hold particular importance for the Wuikinuxv First Nation in Rivers Inlet, British Columbia, where people and bears have coexisted as consumers of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka for millennia. The region’s valuable commercial fishery, active since the late 1800s, has been closed since the Sockeye Salmon population collapsed in the mid-1990s, but the Wuikinuxv maintain a modest food, social, and ceremonial (FSC) harvest. To address questions about balancing the needs of fishers and ecosystem recipients, we quantified tradeoffs between long-term maximum sustainable fishery yield and ecosystem benefits (for which bear density served as a proxy). We fitted age-structured state-space spawner–recruitment models and estimated relationships among spawner abundance, long-term fishery yields, and relative bear densities in time periods before and after the population collapse. We found that predicted maximum postcollapse bear density was 74% of maximum precollapse densities. We estimated a 94% decline in Sockeye Salmon equilibrium population size (from ˜3,115,000 to 200,000), resulting in a commensurate decline in maximum sustainable fishery yield. Despite this, we showed that Wuikinuxv FSC harvest goals are compatible with an EBFM target that seeks also to sustain relatively high bear densities, whereby relative fishery yield and bear density are reduced about 10% from their respective maxima, assuming that current Sockeye Salmon productivity and carrying capacity remain similar for the foreseeable future, although these estimates are highly uncertain. Collectively, our findings illustrate how EBFM can apply interdisciplinary approaches that draw not only on fisheries ecology but also local values to design sustainable harvest strategies for diverse beneficiaries.

中文翻译:

当地价值观和数据支持以文化为导向的基于生态系统的 Wiikinuxv 熊-鲑鱼-人类系统渔业管理

尽管有许多基于生态系统的渔业管理 (EBFM) 解决生态和商业渔业利益之间的权衡的例子,但很少考虑当地的社会和文化问题。我们说明了在尊重野生动物和与野生动物互惠的文化价值观的指导下,土著渔业收获目标和来自当地驱动的野生动物研究的数据如何为 EBFM 提供信息。灰熊Ursus arctos horribilis对不列颠哥伦比亚省 Rivers Inlet 的 Wuikinuxv 第一民族特别重要,在那里人和熊作为红鲑鱼Oncorhynchus nerka 的消费者共存几千年来。该地区自 1800 年代后期开始活跃的有价值的商业渔业自 1990 年代中期红鲑鱼种群崩溃以来一直处于关闭状态,但 Wuikinuxv 保持适度的食物、社交和礼仪 (FSC) 收获。为了解决有关平衡渔民和生态系统接受者需求的问题,我们量化了长期最大可持续渔业产量和生态系统效益(熊密度作为代理)之间的权衡。我们拟合了年龄结构的状态空间产卵者招募模型,并估计了产卵者丰度、长期渔业产量和种群崩溃前后时间段内的相对熊密度之间的关系。我们发现预测的最大崩溃后熊密度是最大崩溃前密度的 74%。我们估计红鲑鱼平衡种群规模下降了 94%(从约 3,115,000 到 200,000),导致最大可持续渔业产量相应下降。尽管如此,我们表明,Wuikinuxv FSC 捕捞目标与 EBFM 目标相兼容,该目标还寻求维持相对较高的熊密度,假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和在可预见的未来,承载能力保持相似,尽管这些估计非常不确定。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。导致最大可持续渔业产量相应下降。尽管如此,我们表明,Wuikinuxv FSC 捕捞目标与 EBFM 目标相兼容,该目标还寻求维持相对较高的熊密度,假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和在可预见的未来,承载能力保持相似,尽管这些估计非常不确定。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。导致最大可持续渔业产量相应下降。尽管如此,我们表明,Wuikinuxv FSC 捕捞目标与 EBFM 目标相兼容,该目标还寻求维持相对较高的熊密度,假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和在可预见的未来,承载能力保持相似,尽管这些估计非常不确定。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。我们表明,Wuikinuxv FSC 捕捞目标与 EBFM 目标一致,该目标也寻求维持相对较高的熊密度,假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和承载能力保持不变,相对渔业产量和熊密度从各自的最大值降低了约 10%在可预见的未来类似,尽管这些估计是高度不确定的。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。我们表明,Wuikinuxv FSC 捕捞目标与 EBFM 目标一致,该目标也寻求维持相对较高的熊密度,假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和承载能力保持不变,相对渔业产量和熊密度从各自的最大值降低了约 10%在可预见的未来类似,尽管这些估计是高度不确定的。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和承载能力在可预见的未来保持相似,尽管这些估计非常不确定。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。假设当前的红鲑鱼生产力和承载能力在可预见的未来保持相似,尽管这些估计非常不确定。总的来说,我们的研究结果说明了 EBFM 如何应用跨学科方法,不仅利用渔业生态学,而且利用当地价值观,为不同的受益者设计可持续的收获战略。
更新日期:2021-08-09
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