The 3D porous carbon materials/transition metal oxide composite is considered to be a potential candidate for supercapacitors owing to the synergy effect of excellent pore structure, electrical conductivity and high pseudocapacitance. However, its complicated preparation and uncontrollable stability are still challenges. In this paper, we propose a facile method for “in-situ” preparing a novel kind of the NiO nanoparticles anchored on N/P-codoped carbon nanofibers network (CNF/NiO) composite. The CNF/NiO composite exhibits a 3D hierarchical porous network and high specific surface area, which supply efficient channels for the transmission of electrons/ions, and ample place for sufficient reaction between active substance and electrolyte. In addition, the NiO nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanofibers network can provide stable and excellent pseudocapacitance. When applied for supercapacitors, the CNF/NiO-based electrode can achieve the capacitance value of 674 F g^-1 and 98.6% capacitance preservation after 5000 cycles in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitors based on CNF/NiO composite obtain a superior capacitance value of 86 F g^-1 in a wide voltage of 1.6 V, and the maximum energy and power density reach 30.2 Wh kg^-1 and 8.1 kW kg^-1, respectively. The process has the advantages of simple operation, environmental friendliness, and possible mass production. It also provides prospects for designing and developing next-generation electrode materials for energy conversion devices.

由于优异的孔结构、导电性和高赝电容的协同效应，3D多孔碳材料/过渡金属氧化物复合材料被认为是超级电容器的潜在候选者。然而，其复杂的制备和不可控的稳定性仍然是挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种简便的方法“原位”制备了一种新型的 NiO 纳米颗粒，锚定在 N/P 共掺杂碳纳米纤维网络 (CNF/NiO) 复合材料上。CNF/NiO 复合材料具有 3D 分层多孔网络和高比表面积，为电子/离子的传输提供了有效的通道，并为活性物质和电解质之间的充分反应提供了充足的空间。此外，锚定在碳纳米纤维网络上的 NiO 纳米粒子可以提供稳定且优异的赝电容。应用于超级电容器时，CNF/NiO基电极在三电极系统中循环5000次后，电容值可达674  F  g ^-1，电容保持率达98.6%。此外，基于 CNF/NiO 复合材料的非对称超级电容器获得了 86 F  g ^-1在1.6  V的宽电压下，最大能量和功率密度分别达到30.2  Wh  kg ^-1和8.1  kW  kg ^-1。该工艺具有操作简单、环境友好、可批量生产的优点。它还为设计和开发用于能量转换装置的下一代电极材料提供了前景。