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Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function: Results from the 2013–2014 national health and nutrition examination survey
Physiology & Behavior ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113554
Lauren Berube 1 , Valerie B Duffy 2 , John E Hayes 3 , Howard J Hoffman 4 , Shristi Rawal 1
Affiliation  

We identified associations between cigarette-smoking and taste function in the U.S. NHANES 2013–2014. Adults ≥ 40 years (n = 2849, nearly half former or current smokers) rated whole-mouth and tongue-tip bitter (1 mM quinine) and salt (1 M NaCl, 0.32 M NaCl) intensities and reported smoking history (pack years, PY), dependence (time to first cigarette, TTFC) and menthol/non-menthol use. Perceived intensity on the tongue-tip averaged just below moderate for quinine and moderate to strong for 1 M NaCl. Current chronic smokers (≥ 20 PY) reported lower bitter and salty intensities on the tongue-tip (β: -2.0, 95% CI: -3.7 to -0.4 and β: -3.6, 95% CI: -6.9 to -0.3, respectively) than never smokers. Similarly, compared to never smokers, dependent current smokers (TTFC ≤ 30 min) and dependent chronic smokers (≥ 20 PY, TTFC ≤ 30 min) rated less bitter (β: -2.0, 95% CI: -4.0 to 0.1 and β: -2.9, 95% CI: -4.5 to -1.3, respectively) and salty (β: -5.3, 95% CI: -9.3 to -1.4 and β: -4.7, 95% CI: -8.6 to -0.7, respectively) intensities on the tongue-tip. Depressed tongue-tip intensity in dependent smokers (with/without chronicity) versus never smokers was significant in younger (40–65 years), but not older (> 65 years) adults. Former smokers, non-chronic/less dependent smokers, and menthol smokers were more likely to report elevated whole-mouth quinine and 1 M NaCl intensities. Tongue-tip and whole-mouth taste intensity concordance varied between smokers and never smokers—current dependent smokers were more likely to rate tongue-tip quinine and NaCl lower than their respective whole-mouth tastants (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.1 and OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.8, respectively). In summary, these U.S. nationally-representative data show that current smoking with chronicity and/or dependence associates with lower tongue-tip intensity for bitter and salty stimuli. Smokers with greater exposure to nicotine and/or dependence showed greater risk of taste alterations, with implications for diet- and smoking-related health outcomes.



中文翻译:

慢性吸烟与味觉功能之间的关联:2013-2014 年全国健康与营养检查调查结果

我们在美国 NHANES 2013-2014 中确定了吸烟与味觉功能之间的关联。≥ 40 岁的成年人(n  = 2849,近一半以前或现在的吸烟者)评定全口和舌尖苦味(1 mM 奎宁)和盐(1 M NaCl,0.32 M NaCl)强度并报告吸烟史(包年, PY)、依赖(第一支香烟的时间,TTFC)和薄荷醇/非薄荷醇的使用。舌尖的感知强度平均略低于奎宁的中等强度,中等至强对于 1 M NaCl。目前的慢性吸烟者(≥ 20 PY)报告舌尖的苦味和咸味强度较低(β:-2.0,95% CI:-3.7 至 -0.4 和 β:-3.6,95% CI:-6.9 至 -0.3,分别)比从不吸烟者。同样,与从不吸烟者相比,依赖当前吸烟者(TTFC ≤ 30 分钟)和依赖慢性吸烟者(≥ 20 PY,TTFC ≤ 30 分钟)的苦味评分较低(β:-2.0,95% CI:-4.0 至 0.1 和 β: -2.9、95% CI:分别为 -4.5 至 -1.3)和咸味(β:-5.3、95% CI:分别为 -9.3 至 -1.4 和 β:-4.7、95% CI:-8.6 至 -0.7)舌尖上的强度。依赖吸烟者(有/无慢性)与从不吸烟者相比,较年轻(40-65 岁)的舌尖强度降低显着,但在年龄较大(> 65 岁)的成年人中不显着。前吸烟者,非慢性/较少依赖的吸烟者,和薄荷醇吸烟者更有可能报告全口奎宁和 1 M NaCl 强度升高。舌尖和全口味觉强度一致性在吸烟者和从不吸烟者之间有所不同——目前依赖吸烟者对舌尖奎宁和氯化钠的评价低于其各自的全口促味剂(OR:1.8,95% CI:1.0 至3.1 和 OR:1.8、95% CI:分别为 1.1 至 2.8)。总之,这些具有美国全国代表性的数据表明,目前长期吸烟和/或依赖的吸烟与较低的舌尖强度对苦味和咸味刺激有关。接触尼古丁和/或依赖更多的吸烟者表现出更大的味觉改变风险,这对饮食和吸烟相关的健康结果有影响。舌尖和全口味觉强度一致性在吸烟者和从不吸烟者之间有所不同——目前依赖吸烟者对舌尖奎宁和氯化钠的评价低于其各自的全口促味剂(OR:1.8,95% CI:1.0 至3.1 和 OR:1.8、95% CI:分别为 1.1 至 2.8)。总之,这些具有美国全国代表性的数据表明,目前长期吸烟和/或依赖的吸烟与较低的舌尖强度对苦味和咸味刺激有关。接触尼古丁和/或依赖更多的吸烟者表现出更大的味觉改变风险,这对饮食和吸烟相关的健康结果有影响。舌尖和全口味觉强度一致性在吸烟者和从不吸烟者之间有所不同——目前依赖吸烟者对舌尖奎宁和氯化钠的评价低于其各自的全口促味剂(OR:1.8,95% CI:1.0 至3.1 和 OR:1.8、95% CI:分别为 1.1 至 2.8)。总之,这些具有美国全国代表性的数据表明,目前长期吸烟和/或依赖的吸烟与较低的舌尖强度对苦味和咸味刺激有关。接触尼古丁和/或依赖更多的吸烟者表现出更大的味觉改变风险,这对饮食和吸烟相关的健康结果有影响。95% CI:分别为 1.1 至 2.8)。总之,这些具有美国全国代表性的数据表明,目前长期吸烟和/或依赖的吸烟与较低的舌尖强度对苦味和咸味刺激有关。接触尼古丁和/或依赖更多的吸烟者表现出更大的味觉改变风险,这对饮食和吸烟相关的健康结果有影响。95% CI:分别为 1.1 至 2.8)。总之,这些具有美国全国代表性的数据表明,目前长期吸烟和/或依赖的吸烟与较低的舌尖强度对苦味和咸味刺激有关。接触尼古丁和/或依赖更多的吸烟者表现出更大的味觉改变风险,这对饮食和吸烟相关的健康结果有影响。

更新日期:2021-08-12
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