This issue includes three papers, covering software verification, software reliability modelling and performance assessment, respectively.

The first paper, ‘Verification algebra for multi-tenant applications in VaaS architecture’, by Kai Hu, Ji Wan, Kan Luo, Yuzhuang Xu, Zijing Cheng and Wei-Tek Tsai, concerns verification in multi-tenant architectures. Multi-tenant architectures support composition of services and so the rapid development of applications. The issue addressed is the potentially massive number of possible applications formed by composing a given set of services. The authors propose a verification algebra that can determine the results of verification of new combinations of property/application on the basis of different combinations of services already verified and/or the verification of different, but related, properties. The overall approach was evaluated through simulations. (Recommended by Professor Paul Strooper)

The second paper, ‘Entropy based enhanced particle swarm optimization on multi-objective software reliability modelling for optimal testing resources allocation’, by Pooja Rani and G. S. Mahapatra, concerns the optimum resource allocation problem to obtain the maximum reliability and minimum total cost under the testing effort constraint. The authors formulate a multi-objective software reliability model of testing resources for a new generalized exponential reliability function to characterize dynamic allocation of total expected cost and testing effort. The authors further propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) to maximize software reliability and minimize allocation cost. The authors conduct experiments to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach to predict software reliability with greater accuracy. (Recommended by Professor Moonzoo Kim)

The third paper, ‘Performance assessment based on stochastic differential equation and effort data for edge computing’, by Yoshinobu Tamura and Shigeru Yamada, concerns performance assessment based on the relationship between the cloud and edge services operated by using open-source software. The authors propose a two-dimensional stochastic differential equation model that considers the unique features with uncertainty from big data under the operation of cloud and edge services. The authors analyse actual data to show numerical examples of performance assessments considering the network connectivity as characteristics of cloud and edge services and compare the noise terms of the proposed model for actual data. (Recommended by Professor Min Xie)

本期包括三篇论文，分别涉及软件验证、软件可靠性建模和性能评估。

第一篇论文“VaaS 架构中多租户应用的验证代数”，作者 Kai Hu、Ji Wan、Kan Luo、Yuzhuang Xu、Zijing Cheng 和 Wei-Tek Tsai，关注多租户架构中的验证。多租户架构支持服务组合等应用程序的快速开发。解决的问题是通过组合一组给定的服务而形成的潜在大量可能的应用程序。作者提出了一种验证代数，它可以根据已验证的服务的不同组合和/或不同但相关的属性的验证来确定新的属性/应用组合的验证结果。整体方法是通过模拟来评估的。(Paul Strooper 教授推荐)

Pooja Rani 和 GS Mahapatra 的第二篇论文“基于熵的增强粒子群优化在多目标软件可靠性建模中优化测试资源分配”，涉及优化资源分配问题以获得最大的可靠性和最小的测试总成本努力约束。作者为新的广义指数可靠性函数制定了测试资源的多目标软件可靠性模型，以表征总预期成本和测试工作量的动态分配。作者进一步提出了一种增强型粒子群优化 (EPSO)，以最大限度地提高软件可靠性并最大限度地降低分配成本。作者进行了实验以证明所提出的方法在更准确地预测软件可靠性方面的潜力。

第三篇论文“基于随机微分方程和努力数据的边缘计算性能评估”，由田村吉信和山田茂撰写，关注基于云和使用开源软件运行的边缘服务之间关系的性能评估。作者提出了一种二维随机微分方程模型，该模型考虑了云和边缘服务运行下大数据的独特性和不确定性。作者分析了实际数据以显示性能评估的数值示例，将网络连接性视为云和边缘服务的特征，并比较实际数据所提出模型的噪声项。（谢敏教授推荐）