Rift interaction zones and the stages of rift linkage in active segmented continental rift systems,Basin Research

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Rift interaction zones and the stages of rift linkage in active segmented continental rift systems
Basin Research ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-07 , DOI: 10.1111/bre.12592
Folarin Kolawole _{1,

2} , Max C. Firkins ₁ , Thuwaiba S. Al Wahaibi ₁ , Estella A. Atekwana ₃ , Michael J. Soreghan ₁

Affiliation

Although much is known about the interaction of faulting and sedimentation within the basins of active segmented continental rift systems, little is known about these processes within the interaction zones of varying geometries that separate the young interacting segments. We address this problem by exploring the non-volcanic rift interaction zones (RIZ) along the humid, magma-poor juvenile western branch of the East African Rift System (WB-EARS). We examine the large-scale ‘cross-over’ relief profiles (basin-to-basin through-going profiles extending across RIZs), the spatial patterns of rift-linking faults (breaching faults), and axial stream morphology. Our results show that: (1) the RIZs are at different stages of their evolution; (2) distinct long-wavelength 2-D cross-over topographic relief shapes, directionality of axial stream flow (sediment routing patterns), and breaching fault patterns characterise RIZs at the various stages of the linkage of interacting rift basins; (3) these stages include unbreached, partially-breached, recently-breached, and breached RIZs; (4) deforming RIZs exhibit different styles of directionality of breaching, including a unidirectional (distinct propagator and receiver segments), bi-directional propagation (both segments act as propagators and receivers), and nucleation and outward propagation of a narrow intra-RIZ subsidiary rift basin; (5) RIZ breaching is facilitated by overlap rift-flank deformation, and/or rift tip propagation structures in the form of rift splaying, border fault rotation (rift-tip rotation), and fault cluster networks and (6) the lateral propagation of breaching faults at the rift tips and flanks, facilitated by localized stress concentrations, is modulated by the extension direction and inherited basement structures. Our findings offer a broader insight into the geometries, structural, and morphological evolution of RIZs, and provide first-order predictions of the large-scale sedimentation patterns of humid early-stage continental rift environments. Our models provide testable hypotheses for linking rift architecture and patterns of early stage sedimentation applicable to ancient rift basins.

中文翻译：

活动分段大陆裂谷系统中裂谷相互作用带和裂谷连接阶段

尽管人们对活跃的分段大陆裂谷系统盆地内的断层和沉积作用的相互作用知之甚少，但对分隔年轻相互作用段的不同几何形状的相互作用带内的这些过程知之甚少。我们通过沿着东非裂谷系统 (WB-EARS) 潮湿、缺乏岩浆的幼年西部分支探索非火山裂谷相互作用区 (RIZ) 来解决这个问题。我们检查了大规模的“交叉”起伏剖面（跨 RIZ 延伸的盆地到盆地的贯穿剖面）、裂谷连接断层（破裂断层）的空间模式和轴流形态。我们的研究结果表明：（1）RIZ 处于不同的演化阶段；(2) 独特的长波长二维交叉地形浮雕形状，轴流流动的方向性（沉积物路径模式）和破坏断层模式在相互作用的裂谷盆地连接的各个阶段表征 RIZ；(3) 这些阶段包括未违反、部分违反、最近违反和违反 RIZ；(4) 变形 RIZ 表现出不同风格的破坏方向性，包括单向（不同的传播器和接收器段）、双向传播（两个段都充当传播器和接收器）以及狭窄的 RIZ 内附属装置的成核和向外传播裂谷盆地；(5) 裂谷-侧翼变形的重叠和/或裂谷张开、边界断层旋转(裂谷-尖端旋转)形式的裂谷尖端扩展结构促进了RIZ的破裂，和断层簇网络和（6）裂谷尖端和侧翼断裂断层的横向传播，受局部应力集中的促进，受延伸方向和继承的基底结构的调节。我们的发现为 RIZ 的几何、结构和形态演化提供了更广泛的见解，并提供了潮湿早期大陆裂谷环境的大规模沉积模式的一级预测。我们的模型为将裂谷结构和适用于古裂谷盆地的早期沉积模式联系起来提供了可检验的假设。并提供潮湿早期大陆裂谷环境的大规模沉积模式的一级预测。我们的模型为将裂谷结构和适用于古裂谷盆地的早期沉积模式联系起来提供了可检验的假设。并提供潮湿早期大陆裂谷环境的大规模沉积模式的一级预测。我们的模型为将裂谷结构和适用于古裂谷盆地的早期沉积模式联系起来提供了可检验的假设。

更新日期：2021-08-07

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