Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and brown trout Salmo trutta fario L. are species of high socio-economic and ecological value. Declining populations make them target species of fisheries management. This paper reviews the direct effects of deficient longitudinal connectivity, changes in discharge, high water temperatures, oxygen depletion, changes in water chemistry and increasing loads of fine sediment on the critical life stages of spawning, egg incubation and emergence. It further provides an overview about the basic autecological requirements of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and summarises important thresholds of physico-chemical tolerances. This collection of information provides important baselines for assessing historical, ongoing and new threats relevant for the management of both species in fresh waters. Critical early-life stages of both species are almost identical, creating synergies in conservation and restoration. Seaward-migrating forms are exposed to further stressors, but improving starting conditions can also greatly improve their resilience.

中文翻译：

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大西洋鲑鱼和褐鳟在产卵、卵发育和幼鱼出现的关键淡水阶段对环境的威胁和保护意义

大西洋鲑鱼Salmo salar L. 和褐鳟Salmo trutta farioL. 是具有高社会经济和生态价值的物种。数量下降使它们成为渔业管理的目标物种。本文回顾了纵向连通性不足、流量变化、高水温、缺氧、水化学变化和细粒沉积物负荷增加对产卵、卵孵化和出苗的关键生命阶段的直接影响。它还概述了大西洋鲑鱼和褐鳟鱼的基本自产学要求，并总结了重要的物理化学耐受阈值。这种信息收集为评估与淡水中这两种物种的管理相关的历史、持续和新威胁提供了重要的基线。两个物种的关键早期生命阶段几乎相同，在保护和恢复方面创造协同效应。向海迁移的形式暴露于更多的压力源，但改善起始条件也可以大大提高它们的弹性。