Background With Nigeria being one of the countries with the highest neonatal mortality rate globally, identifying the risk factors associated with neonatal mortality is essential as we strive to proffer sustainable solutions. Aim This retrospective hospital-based survey aimed to bridge this gap by evaluating the trends and risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in a teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods Records of newborns admitted at the special care baby unit from January 2018 to December 2019 (n = 1098) were accessed, and available data were extracted. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistics were performed at 0.05 level of significance. Results The mortality rate was determined to be 16.9% (inborn babies- 12.9% and out-born babies- 22.3%), with 83.3% of the newborns dying within the first week. Some of the factors associated with neonatal mortality were proximity of newborns’ mothers home to the hospital [p = 0.041; Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.670; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.455–0.985], maturity of the baby at delivery (p < 0.001; OR = 0.514; CI = 0.358–0.738), place of delivery—inborn or out-born (p < 0.001; OR = 0.515; CI = 0.375–0.709), place of delivery—in a hospital or a non-hospital setting (p = 0.048; OR = 0.633; CI = 0.401–0.999), and baby's weight (p < 0.001; CI = −0.684 to −0.411). Conclusion Findings from the study indicate that newborns delivered at home, traditional birth attendant centres or hospitals without essential healthcare facilities have a higher mortality risk. This suggests that measures to improve the accessibility of pregnant women to essential healthcare services are a prerequisite to reducing the neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria.

中文翻译：

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尼日利亚医院特殊护理婴儿病房入院新生儿死亡率的相关因素

背景 尼日利亚是全球新生儿死亡率最高的国家之一，在我们努力提供可持续解决方案时，确定与新生儿死亡率相关的风险因素至关重要。目的 这项基于医院的回顾性调查旨在通过评估尼日利亚西南部一家教学医院中与新生儿死亡率相关的趋势和风险因素来弥补这一差距。方法查阅2018年1月至2019年12月在特护婴儿病房收治的新生儿记录（n = 1098），提取可用数据。在 0.05 的显着性水平下进行描述性分析和推论统计。结果确定死亡率为16.9%（出生婴儿- 12.9% 和出生婴儿- 22.3%），其中83.3% 的新生儿在第一周内死亡。与新生儿死亡率相关的一些因素是新生儿的母亲离医院很近[p = 0.041；优势比 (OR) = 0.670；95% 置信区间 (CI) = 0.455–0.985]，分娩时婴儿的成熟度（p < 0.001；OR = 0.514；CI = 0.358–0.738），分娩地点——出生或出生（p < 0.001 ；OR = 0.515；CI = 0.375–0.709），分娩地点——在医院或非医院环境中（p = 0.048；OR = 0.633；CI = 0.401–0.999）和婴儿体重（p < 0.001； CI = -0.684 至 -0.411）。结论 研究结果表明，在家中、传统助产士中心或没有基本医疗保健设施的医院分娩的新生儿死亡风险较高。