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Past and Future Climate Variability Uncertainties in the Global Carbon Budget Using the MPI Grand Ensemble
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-06 , DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007019
T. F. Loughran 1 , L. Boysen 2 , A. Bastos 1, 3 , K. Hartung 1 , F. Havermann 1 , H. Li 2 , J. E. M. S. Nabel 2 , W. A. Obermeier 1 , J. Pongratz 1, 2
Affiliation  

Quantifying the anthropogenic fluxes of CO2 is important to understand the evolution of carbon sink capacities, on which the required strength of our mitigation efforts directly depends. For the historical period, the global carbon budget (GCB) can be compiled from observations and model simulations as is done annually in the Global Carbon Project's (GCP) carbon budgets. However, the historical budget only considers a single realization of the Earth system and cannot account for internal climate variability. Understanding the distribution of internal climate variability is critical for predicting the future carbon budget terms and uncertainties. We present here a decomposition of the GCB for the historical period and the RCP4.5 scenario using single-model large ensemble simulations from the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE) to capture internal variability. We calculate uncertainty ranges for the natural sinks and anthropogenic emissions that arise from internal climate variability, and by using this distribution, we investigate the likelihood of historical fluxes with respect to plausible climate states. Our results show these likelihoods have substantial fluctuations due to internal variability, which are partially related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We find that the largest internal variability in the MPI-GE stems from the natural land sink and its increasing carbon stocks over time. The allowable fossil fuel emissions consistent with 3 C warming may be between 9 and 18 Pg C yr−1. The MPI-GE is generally consistent with GCP's global budgets with the notable exception of land-use change emissions in recent decades, highlighting that human action is inconsistent with climate mitigation goals.

中文翻译:

使用 MPI Grand Ensemble 的全球碳预算中过去和未来的气候变化不确定性

量化 CO 2的人为通量了解碳汇能力的演变非常重要,我们的减缓努力所需的强度直接取决于碳汇能力的演变。对于历史时期,全球碳预算 (GCB) 可以根据观察和模型模拟编制,就像全球碳项目 (GCP) 每年在全球碳项目 (GCP) 的碳预算中所做的那样。然而,历史预算只考虑地球系统的单一实现,并不能考虑内部气候变率。了解内部气候变率的分布对于预测未来的碳预算条款和不确定性至关重要。我们在此展示了历史时期 GCB 和 RCP4.5 情景的分解,使用来自马克斯普朗克研究所大集合 (MPI-GE) 的单模型大型集合模拟来捕捉内部变化。我们计算了由内部气候变率引起的自然汇和人为排放的不确定性范围,并通过使用该分布,研究了历史通量相对于似是而非的气候状态的可能性。我们的结果表明,由于内部变异性,这些可能性有很大的波动,这部分与厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动 (ENSO) 相关。我们发现 MPI-GE 中最大的内部变异源于自然土地汇及其随时间增加的碳储量。与升温 3 C 一致的允许化石燃料排放量可能在 9 至 18 Pg C yr 之间 我们调查了与似是而非的气候状态相关的历史变化的可能性。我们的结果表明,由于内部变异性,这些可能性有很大的波动,这部分与厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动 (ENSO) 相关。我们发现 MPI-GE 中最大的内部变异源于自然土地汇及其随时间增加的碳储量。与升温 3 C 一致的允许化石燃料排放量可能在 9 至 18 Pg C yr 之间 我们调查了与似是而非的气候状态相关的历史变化的可能性。我们的结果表明,由于内部变异性,这些可能性有很大的波动,这部分与厄尔尼诺 - 南方涛动 (ENSO) 相关。我们发现 MPI-GE 中最大的内部变异源于自然土地汇及其随时间增加的碳储量。与升温 3 C 一致的允许化石燃料排放量可能在 9 至 18 Pg C yr 之间-1。MPI-GE 总体上与 GCP 的全球预算一致,但近几十年来土地利用变化排放的显着例外,强调人类行为与气候减缓目标不一致。
更新日期:2021-08-23
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