The numbers of cases and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are continuously increasing. Many people are concerned about the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the published trials of COVID-19 vaccines and the real-world data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Globally, our research found that the efficacy of all vaccines exceeded 70%, and RNA-based vaccines had the highest efficacy of 94.29%; moreover, Black or African American people, young people, and males may experience greater vaccine efficacy. The spectrum of vaccine-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is extremely broad, and the most frequent ADRs are pain, fatigue, and headache. Most ADRs are tolerable and are mainly grade 1 or 2 in severity. Some severe ADRs have been identified (thromboembolic events, 21–75 cases per million doses; myocarditis/pericarditis, 2–3 cases per million doses). In summary, vaccines are a powerful tool that can be used to control the COVID-19 pandemic, with high efficacy and tolerable ADRs. In addition, the spectrum of ADRs associated with the vaccines is broad, and most of the reactions appear within a week, although some may be delayed. Therefore, ADRs after vaccination need to be identified and addressed in a timely manner.

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的病例和死亡人数持续增加。许多人担心 COVID-19 疫苗的有效性和安全性。我们对已发表的 COVID-19 疫苗试验和疫苗不良事件报告系统的真实数据进行了全面分析。在全球范围内，我们的研究发现所有疫苗的功效均超过70%，其中RNA疫苗的功效最高，达到94.29%；此外，黑人或非裔美国人、年轻人和男性可能会获得更好的疫苗功效。与疫苗相关的药物不良反应 (ADR) 范围极其广泛，最常见的 ADR 是疼痛、疲劳和头痛。大多数 ADR 是可以忍受的，严重程度主要为 1 级或 2 级。已发现一些严重的不良反应（血栓栓塞事件，每百万剂量 21-75 例；心肌炎/心包炎，每百万剂量 2-3 例）。综上所述，疫苗是控制 COVID-19 大流行的有力工具，具有高效且不良反应可耐受的特点。此外，与疫苗相关的不良反应范围广泛，大多数反应在一周内出现，尽管有些反应可能会延迟。因此，需要及时识别和处理疫苗接种后的不良反应。