For decades Arab Muslims have engaged in pan-Islamic solidarity aid work in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In delivering aid from the Middle East to a European country, they disrupt the racial and civilizational hierarchies that structure most international relief work. Their experiences demonstrate the utility of a more capacious anthropological understanding of universalism. Rather than dismiss universalism as mere ideology or as a set of homogenizing processes, I highlight how universalist projects put into practice complex idioms that are notionally directed at all of humanity. Ethnographic attention to these relief workers’ material conditions reveals that they lack many of the privileges of the white, Western, and highly mobile protagonists of most ethnographies of aid. Moreover, it illuminates how spiritual practices coalesce with considerations of transnational mobility, class, and political action—considerations that are often neglected in anthropological work on Islamic piety. [universalism, solidarity, humanitarianism, charity, aid, Islam, pan-Islamism, Bosnia-Herzegovina]

中文翻译：

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波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的泛伊斯兰团结援助

几十年来，阿拉伯穆斯林一直在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那从事泛伊斯兰团结援助工作。在从中东向欧洲国家提供援助时，他们破坏了构成大多数国际救援工作的种族和文明等级制度。他们的经历证明了对普世主义进行更广泛的人类学理解的效用。我并没有将普遍主义视为纯粹的意识形态或一系列同质化过程，而是强调普遍主义项目如何将在概念上针对全人类的复杂习语付诸实践。对这些救援人员物质条件的民族志关注表明，他们缺乏大多数援助民族志中白人、西方和高度流动的主角的许多特权。而且，它阐明了精神实践如何与跨国流动、阶级和政治行动的考虑相结合——这些考虑在关于伊斯兰虔诚的人类学工作中经常被忽视。[普世主义、团结、人道主义、慈善、援助、伊斯兰教、泛伊斯兰主义、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那]