The tissue microenvironment is a major driver in imprinting tissue-specific macrophage functions in various mammalian tissues. As monocytes are recruited into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at steady state and inflammation, they rapidly adopt a tissue-specific and distinct transcriptome. However, the GI tract varies significantly along its length, yet most studies of intestinal macrophages do not directly compare the phenotype and function of these macrophages in the small and large intestine, thus leading to disparities in data interpretations. This review highlights differences along the GI tract that are likely to influence macrophage function, with a specific focus on diet and microbiota. This analysis may fuel further investigation regarding the interplay between the intestinal immune system and GI tissue microenvironments, ideally providing unique therapeutic targets to modulate specific intestinal macrophage populations and/or functions.

组织微环境是在各种哺乳动物组织中印记组织特异性巨噬细胞功能的主要驱动力。当单核细胞在稳态和炎症状态下被募集到胃肠 (GI) 道时，它们迅速采用组织特异性和独特的转录组。然而，胃肠道沿其长度变化很大，但大多数肠道巨噬细胞研究并没有直接比较这些巨噬细胞在小肠和大肠中的表型和功能，从而导致数据解释的差异。这篇综述强调了可能影响巨噬细胞功能的胃肠道差异，特别关注饮食和微生物群。这种分析可能会推动对肠道免疫系统和胃肠组织微环境之间相互作用的进一步研究，