Children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk of revictimization across the life span. In childhood, this risk often manifests as peer victimization. Understanding the nature of this risk, and its impact on mental health, is critical if we are to provide effective support for those children who are most vulnerable. A systematic scoping review was conducted using Google Scholar and PsycINFO. Studies on adults, psychiatric, and/or inpatient populations were excluded. Included studies concerned all forms of child maltreatment and peer victimization. We found 28 studies about the association between maltreatment experience and peer victimization as well as peer rejection. We review the evidence documenting the relation between these adverse childhood experiences and mental health. The evidence suggests that maltreatment and peer victimization have additive effects on mental health outcomes. A number of theoretical developmental frameworks that delineate putative mechanisms that might account for an association are considered. Building on prior research, we then discuss the role of recent neurocognitive findings in providing a multilevel framework for conceptualizing mental health vulnerability following maltreatment. In addition, we consider how altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment may shed light on why affected children are more likely to be victimized by their peers. Specifically, we consider the threat, reward, and autobiographical memory systems and their role in relation to stress generation, stress susceptibility, and social thinning. Such a mechanistic understanding is necessary if we are to reduce the likelihood of peer victimization in children exposed to maltreatment, and move to a preventative model of mental health care.

遭受虐待的儿童在整个生命周期内再次受害的风险更高。在儿童时期，这种风险通常表现为同伴受害。如果我们要为最脆弱的儿童提供有效支持，了解这种风险的性质及其对心理健康的影响至关重要。使用 Google Scholar 和 PsycINFO 进行了系统的范围界定审查。排除了对成人、精神病患者和/或住院患者的研究。纳入的研究涉及所有形式的虐待儿童和同伴受害。我们发现了 28 项关于虐待经历与同伴受害以及同伴排斥之间关联的研究。我们回顾了记录这些不良童年经历与心理健康之间关系的证据。证据表明，虐待和同伴受害对心理健康结果有累加效应。考虑了许多描述可能解释关联的假定机制的理论发展框架。在先前研究的基础上，我们然后讨论了最近的神经认知发现在为概念化虐待后的心理健康脆弱性提供多层次框架方面的作用。此外，我们考虑了虐待后神经认知功能的改变如何可能揭示为什么受影响的儿童更有可能成为同龄人的受害者。具体而言，我们考虑了威胁、奖励和自传体记忆系统及其在压力产生、压力敏感性和社会变薄方面的作用。