Carbon one industry flux gas generated from fossil fuels, various industrial and domestic waste, as well as lignocellulosic biomass provides an innovative raw material to lead the sustainable development. Through the chemical and biological processing, the gas mixture composed of CO, CO₂, and H₂, also termed as syngas, is converted to biofuels and high-value chemicals. Here, the syngas fermentation process is elaborated to provide an overview. Sources of syngas are summarized and the influences of impurities on biological fermentation are exhibited. Acetogens and carboxydotrophs are the two main clusters of syngas utilizing microorganisms, their essential characters are presented, especially the energy metabolic scheme with CO, CO₂, and H₂. Synthetic biology techniques and microcompartment regulation are further discussed and proposed to create a high-efficiency cell factory. Moreover, the influencing factors in fermentation and products in carboxylic acids, alcohols, and others such like polyhydroxyalkanoate and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate are addressed. Biological fermentation from carbon one industry flux gas is a promising alternative, the latest scientific advances are expatiated hoping to inspire more creative transformation.

由化石燃料、各种工业和生活垃圾以及木质纤维素生物质产生的碳一工业通量气体为引领可持续发展提供了创新原料。通过化学和生物处理，由 CO、CO ₂和 H ₂组成的气体混合物（也称为合成气）被转化为生物燃料和高价值化学品。在这里，对合成气发酵过程进行了详细说明以提供概述。总结了合成气的来源，展示了杂质对生物发酵的影响。产乙酸菌和氧化碳营养菌是合成气利用微生物的两个主要簇，它们的基本特征被呈现，特别是与 CO、CO ₂和 H _{2的能量代谢方案}. 进一步讨论并提出合成生物学技术和微区室调控，以创建高效细胞工厂。此外，还讨论了羧酸、醇和其他物质（如聚羟基链烷酸酯和聚 3-羟基丁酸酯）中发酵和产物的影响因素。碳一工业助熔气体的生物发酵是一种很有前途的替代品，阐述了最新的科学进展，希望能激发更多的创造性转变。