Some antimalarial drugs are immune-modulators that impact multiple pathways of innate immunity in malarial treatment. However, information on the immunomodulatory effects of artequine and rutin in the treatment of malaria remains elusive. Twenty-five Swiss mice (18 ± 2 g) were used for this study. Twenty were infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Parasitemia was confirmed, and the animals were grouped (n = 5) as follows: Group A was not infected but treated orally with vehicle. Groups B to E were infected and treated (B) orally with vehicle (10 ml/kg), (C) with 10 mg/kg artequine, (D) with 10 mg/kg of artequine supplemented with 100 mg rutin/kg, and (D) with 10 mg/kg of artequine supplemented with 200 mg rutin/kg, for 7 days. Blood was collected for hematological, inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulins G and M assays. Post mitochondrial supernatant fraction was used for antioxidant assays. Rutin co-administration (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.001) increased platelet and neutrophil counts (P < 0.01) but significantly (P < 0.01) decreased white blood cell count and lymphocyte relative to parasitized control. Also, it significantly (P < 0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities but significantly (P < 0.05) increased reduced glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activity. Rutin co-administration also caused a significant (P < 0.001) increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin M levels, while interleukin-1β and immunoglobulin G decreased significantly (P < 0.001) compared with parasitized control. These results showed that rutin co-administration with artequine improved host antioxidant status and modulated the immune and inflammatory responses.

一些抗疟药物是免疫调节剂，在疟疾治疗中会影响多种先天免疫途径。然而，关于青蒿素和芦丁在治疗疟疾方面的免疫调节作用的信息仍然难以捉摸。本研究使用了 25 只瑞士小鼠 (18 ± 2 g)。二十人感染了伯氏疟原虫(NK65)。确认寄生虫血症，并将动物分组（n = 5）如下：A组未感染但用载体口服治疗。B至E组感染并口服治疗（B）载体（10ml/kg），（C）10mg/kg青蒿素，（D）10mg/kg青蒿素补充100mg芦丁/kg，和(D) 10 mg/kg 青蒿素补充 200 mg 芦丁/kg，持续 7 天。收集血液用于血液学、炎性细胞因子以及免疫球蛋白 G 和 M 测定。线粒体后上清液部分用于抗氧化测定。芦丁共同给药 (200 mg/kg) 显着 ( P < 0.001) 增加血小板和中性粒细胞计数 ( P < 0.01) 但显着 ( P< 0.01) 与寄生对照相比，白细胞计数和淋巴细胞减少。此外，它显着 ( P < 0.05) 降低脂质过氧化、黄嘌呤氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性，但显着 ( P < 0.05) 增加还原型谷胱甘肽和谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶活性。芦丁共同给药也引起了显著（P <0.001）肿瘤坏死因子-α的增加，白细胞介素6，和免疫球蛋白M个级别，而白介素1β和免疫球蛋白G显著降低（P <0.001）与寄生的对照相比。这些结果表明，芦丁与青蒿素共同给药可改善宿主抗氧化状态并调节免疫和炎症反应。