Abstract

As a natural function, antibodies defend the host from infected cells and pathogens by recognizing their pathogenic determinants. Antibodies (Abs) gained wide acceptance with an enormous impact on human health and have predominantly captured the arena of bio-therapeutics and bio-diagnostics. The scope of Ab-based biologics is vast, and it is likely to solve many unmet clinical needs in future. The majority of attention is now devoted to developing innovative technologies for manufacturing and engineering Abs, better suited to satisfy human needs. The advent of Ab engineering technologies (AET) led to phenomenal developments leading to the generation of Abs-/Ab-derived molecules with desirable functional properties proportional to their expanding requirements. Evolution brought by AET, from the naturally occurring Ab forms to several advanced Ab formats and derivatives, was much needed as it is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, numerous advancements in AET have propelled success in therapeutic Ab development, along with the potential for ever-increasing improvements. Unique characteristics of Abs, such as its diversity, specificity, structural integrity and an array of possible applications, together inspire continuous innovation in the field. Overall, the AET could assist in conquer of several limitations of Abs in terms of their applicability in the field of therapeutics, diagnostics and research; AET has so far led to the production of next-generation Abs, which have revolutionized these arenas. Here in this review, we discuss the various distinguished engineering platforms for Ab development and the progress in modern therapeutics by the so-called “next-generation Abs.”

摘要

作为一种自然功能，抗体通过识别其致病决定因素来保护宿主免受感染细胞和病原体的侵害。抗体 (Abs) 获得了广泛认可，对人类健康产生了巨大影响，并且主要占据了生物治疗学和生物诊断学领域。基于 Ab 的生物制剂的范围很广，很可能在未来解决许多未满足的临床需求。现在，大部分注意力都集中在开发更适合满足人类需求的制造和工程 Abs 创新技术上。Ab 工程技术 (AET) 的出现导致了显着的发展，导致了 Abs-/Ab 衍生分子的产生，这些分子具有与其扩展需求成比例的理想功能特性。AET带来的进化，从天然存在的 Ab 形式到几种先进的 Ab 形式和衍生物，是非常需要的，因为它对制药行业很感兴趣。因此，AET 的众多进步推动了治疗性 Ab 开发的成功，以及不断提高的潜力。Abs 的独特特性，例如其多样性、特异性、结构完整性和一系列可能的应用，共同激发了该领域的不断创新。总的来说，AET 可以帮助克服 Abs 在治疗、诊断和研究领域的适用性方面的一些局限性；迄今为止，AET 已经导致了下一代 Abs 的产生，这彻底改变了这些领域。在这篇评论中，