In the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines, preoccupation has been introduced as the new core symptom of adjustment disorder. Despite this essential innovation, preoccupation has so far largely been defined as rumination and worry and does not feature a distinct character as an independent symptom. In order to investigate the nature of preoccupation, various cognitive approaches are evaluated and linked to preoccupation. Furthermore, the aim of this review is to define preoccupation more precisely and to distinguish it from other symptoms in psychopathology. The evaluation of key features of cognitive dissonance theory, attention bias theory, memory theories, and other cognitive paradigms indicates that preoccupation is constituted by a complex interaction of cognitive–emotional mechanisms. In addition, this review implies that preoccupation in AjD can be defined as stressor-related factual thinking, which is time-consuming and often associated with negative emotions. It is assumed that rumination and dysfunctional worry serve as reactive processes to cope with preoccupation. For further distinction, this review presents similarities and differences of preoccupation and other symptoms, including negative automatic thoughts, flashbacks, and yearning. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research on preoccupation are offered. Overall, it is plausible that preoccupation is not only associated with adjustment disorder but also possesses a transdiagnostic character.

中文翻译：

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全神贯注作为适应障碍中的精神病理学过程和症状：范围审查

在 ICD-11 诊断指南中，全神贯注被引入为适应障碍的新核心症状。尽管有这种重要的创新，但迄今为止，全神贯注在很大程度上被定义为沉思和担忧，并且没有作为独立症状的独特特征。为了研究全神贯注的性质，对各种认知方法进行了评估并将其与全神贯注联系起来。此外，本综述的目的是更准确地定义全神贯注，并将其与精神病理学中的其他症状区分开来。对认知失调理论、注意力偏向理论、记忆理论和其他认知范式的关键特征的评估表明，全神贯注是由认知-情绪机制的复杂相互作用构成的。此外，这篇综述表明，AjD 中的全神贯注可以定义为与压力源相关的事实思维，这种思维非常耗时，并且通常与负面情绪有关。假设反刍和功能失调的担忧是应对全神贯注的反应过程。为了进一步区分，本综述介绍了全神贯注和其他症状的异同，包括消极的自动思维、闪回和渴望。最后，对未来的全神贯注研究提出了启示和建议。总体而言，全神贯注不仅与适应障碍有关，而且具有跨诊断特征，这似乎是合理的。假设反刍和功能失调的担忧是应对全神贯注的反应过程。为了进一步区分，本综述介绍了全神贯注和其他症状的异同，包括消极的自动思维、闪回和渴望。最后，对未来的全神贯注研究提出了启示和建议。总体而言，全神贯注不仅与适应障碍有关，而且具有跨诊断特征，这似乎是合理的。假设反刍和功能失调的担忧是应对全神贯注的反应过程。为了进一步区分，本综述介绍了全神贯注和其他症状的异同，包括消极的自动思维、闪回和渴望。最后，对未来的全神贯注研究提出了启示和建议。总体而言，全神贯注不仅与适应障碍有关，而且具有跨诊断特征，这似乎是合理的。