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Evaluating the thermal performance of a balloon-based renal sympathetic denervation system with array electrodes: a finite element study
Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-05 , DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1961266
Yanyan Cheng 1 , Hongxing Liu 1 , Zhen Tian 1 , Meng Zhang 1 , Youjun Liu 1 , Qun Nan 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Renal denervation transmits radiofrequency (RF) energy through an electrode to treat resistant hypertension (RH), applying ablation in the renal artery. Several experimental studies have shown that this treatment has been used effectively to treat RH. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of ablation parameters (i.e., electrode length, applied voltage, ablation time, and blood flow) on the temperature distribution using a balloon-based array electrodes system. A simplified three-dimensional model including four electrodes and a balloon was established. The balloon diameter was 3 mm and placed in a 5 mm diameter renal artery for forming intra-arterial occlusion. Four electrodes were mounted on the balloon and distributed in the same plane to mimic circumferential RF ablation. Computer simulations were conducted to investigate the thermal performances of the device by setting different electrode configurations, treatment protocols, and physiological factors. The thermal performances including the thermal distribution, maximum lesion depth, length, and area were analyzed. The lesion shape of the array RF electrodes was approximately a sphere with a 100% circumference coverage rate of the renal artery. The lesion depth and length increase with each factor except for blood velocity. Increasing the electrode length from 2 to 4 mm or 2 to 6 mm, the lesion depth increases by 1.15 mm and 0.54 mm at 60 s. The corresponding lesion length increases by 2.65 mm and 2.34 mm, respectively. The range of effective lesion depth is 1.90–4.90 mm, at a voltage of 15–30 V. But the peak temperature at the arterial outer wall exceeded 100 °C when the voltage is above 25 V. In tissue, the degree of thermal injury in the 2 mm area reached 100%, but in blood was not more than 5%. There was no significant difference at different flow conditions because the difference value in lesion depth was not exceeded 0.5 mm. The results showed that the balloon-based four electrodes system is expected to overcome the difficulty of incomplete ablation. In clinical application, 2 mm-electrode is recommended to avoid long wall damage as much as possible and control the voltage below 25 V. This treatment has little thermal injury on the blood, which means it may avoid coagulation formation. Moreover, the application of this device does not need to consider the difference in individual blood velocity.



中文翻译:

评估具有阵列电极的基于球囊的肾交感神经去神经支配系统的热性能:有限元研究

摘要

去肾神经通过电极传输射频 (RF) 能量来治疗顽固性高血压 (RH),在肾动脉中应用消融。几项实验研究表明,这种治疗方法已被有效地用于治疗 RH。本文的目的是使用基于球囊的阵列电极系统研究消融参数(即电极长度、施加电压、消融时间和血流)对温度分布的影响。建立了包括四个电极和一个气球的简化三维模型。球囊直径为 3 毫米,放置在直径为 5 毫米的肾动脉中以形成动脉内闭塞。四个电极安装在球囊上并分布在同一平面上以模拟圆周射频消融。通过设置不同的电极配置、治疗方案和生理因素,进行了计算机模拟以研究设备的热性能。分析了包括热分布、最大病变深度、长度和面积在内的热性能。阵列射频电极的病灶形状近似为球体,肾动脉圆周覆盖率为100%。病变深度和长度随除血流速度以外的每个因素而增加。将电极长度从 2 到 4 毫米或 2 到 6 毫米增加,病变深度在 60 秒时增加 1.15 毫米和 0.54 毫米。相应的病灶长度分别增加了 2.65 毫米和 2.34 毫米。有效病变深度范围为 1.90-4.90 mm,电压为 15-30 V。但当电压高于25 V时,动脉外壁的峰值温度超过100°C。在组织中,2 mm区域的热损伤程度达到100%,但在血液中不超过5%。由于病变深度的差异值不超过0.5mm,因此在不同的流动条件下没有显着差异。结果表明,基于球囊的四电极系统有望克服不完全消融的困难。临床应用时,推荐2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。在组织中,2 mm 区域的热损伤程度达到 100%,但在血液中不超过 5%。由于病变深度的差异值不超过0.5mm,因此在不同的流动条件下没有显着差异。结果表明,基于球囊的四电极系统有望克服不完全消融的困难。临床应用时,建议使用2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。在组织中,2 mm 区域的热损伤程度达到 100%,但在血液中不超过 5%。由于病变深度的差异值不超过0.5mm,因此在不同的流动条件下没有显着差异。结果表明,基于球囊的四电极系统有望克服不完全消融的困难。临床应用时,推荐2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。由于病变深度的差异值不超过0.5mm,因此在不同的流动条件下没有显着差异。结果表明,基于球囊的四电极系统有望克服不完全消融的困难。临床应用时,推荐2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。由于病变深度的差异值不超过0.5mm,因此在不同的流动条件下没有显着差异。结果表明,基于球囊的四电极系统有望克服不完全消融的困难。临床应用时,推荐2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。临床应用时,建议使用2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。临床应用时,建议使用2mm电极,尽量避免长壁损伤,电压控制在25V以下。这种处理对血液的热损伤小,可以避免凝血的形成。而且,该设备的应用不需要考虑个体血流速度的差异。

更新日期:2021-10-01
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