This study examines whether discrimination against religious minorities and diaspora politics influences United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) voting on Israel and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict between 1990 and 2014. We test discrimination against Jews, discrimination against Muslims, and general discrimination against all religious minorities in 183 countries. Our results indicate that repressive countries vote against Israel in the UNGA partly as a diversionary tactic seeking to divert attention from their own poor behavior. This is because discriminating against both Jews and Muslims, as well as religious discrimination in general, predict anti-Israel voting. We also find that countries with larger Jewish minorities are more likely to support Israel and countries with larger Muslim minorities are less likely to support Israel, although the latter effect is more conditional and most consistently pronounced in countries where discrimination against Muslims is low. This suggests that diaspora politics and transnational religious ties influence UNGA voting on Israel.

中文翻译：

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宗教歧视、侨民和联合国对以色列的投票

本研究考察了对宗教少数群体和侨民政治的歧视是否会影响联合国大会 (UNGA) 对 1990 年至 2014 年间对以色列和以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突的投票。我们测试了对犹太人的歧视、对穆斯林的歧视以及对所有宗教少数群体的普遍歧视在 183 个国家/地区。我们的研究结果表明，压制性国家在联合国大会上投票反对以色列，部分是作为一种转移注意力的策略，试图转移人们对其不良行为的注意力。这是因为歧视犹太人和穆斯林，以及一般的宗教歧视，预示着反以色列的投票。我们还发现，拥有较多犹太少数民族的国家更有可能支持以色列，而拥有较多穆斯林少数民族的国家则不太可能支持以色列，尽管后者的影响更具条件性，并且在对穆斯林歧视程度较低的国家中最为明显。这表明侨民政治和跨国宗教关系影响联合国大会对以色列的投票。