Active surfaces with bactericidal properties are of paramount importance in health care sector as a judicious approach to confront prevalent challenges presented by disastrous pathogenic infections and antibiotic-resistant microbes. Herein, we present Bayerite underpinned Ag2O/Ag (ALD), a nanohybrid with excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm functionalities against tested standard strains and clinical isolates. The multicomponent system coexists and complement each other with respect to phase and functionalities, demonstrated by XRD, XPS, and TEM analyses. In situ reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0 over Bayerite as a stable bound phase is favoured by pH of the reaction, yielding 60-80% bound Ag protruding outwards facilitating active surface for interaction with microbes. ALD has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.068 mg/ml against clinical isolates: Pseudomonas aeruginosa RRLP1, RRLP2, Acinetobactor baumannii C78 and C80. Disc diffusion assay demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against standard strains (positive control: standard antibiotic disc, Amikacin). ALD incorporated PMMA films (5 and 10 wt%; PALD-5 and PALD-10) exhibited significant contact killing (99.9%) of clinical isolates in drop-test besides strong antibacterial activity (disc diffusion assay) comparable to that of ALD. ALD exemplified a dose (0.034 and 0.017 mg/ml) dependent biofilm inhibition (P < 0.001) and significant eradication of pre-formed biofilms (P < 0.001) by clinical isolates. PALD 5 and PALD 10 significantly declined the number of viable biofilm associated bacteria (99.9%) compared to control. Both ALD and PALD samples are proposed as green antibacterial materials with antibiofilm properties. Results also present ample opportunity to explore PALD as antibacterial and/or antibiofilm coating formulations.

中文翻译：

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活性三羟铝石支撑 Ag2O/Ag：一种对抗微生物污染的高效抗菌纳米混合物。

具有杀菌特性的活性表面在医疗保健领域至关重要，因为它是应对灾难性病原体感染和耐抗生素微生物所带来的普遍挑战的明智方法。在此，我们提出了以拜耳石为基础的 Ag2O/Ag (ALD)，这是一种纳米混合物，对测试的标准菌株和临床分离株具有出色的抗菌和抗生物膜功能。XRD、XPS 和 TEM 分析证明，多组分系统在相和功能方面共存并相互补充。反应的 pH 有利于将 Ag+ 离子在拜耳石上原位还原为 Ag0 作为稳定的结合相，从而产生 60-80% 的结合 Ag 向外突出，从而促进与微生物相互作用的活性表面。ALD 的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 为 0。068 mg/ml 针对临床分离株：铜绿假单胞菌 RRLP1、RRLP2、鲍曼不动杆菌 C78 和 C80。圆盘扩散测定显示对标准菌株（阳性对照：标准抗生素圆盘、阿米卡星）具有优异的抗菌活性。ALD 掺入 PMMA 薄膜（5 和 10 wt%；PALD-5 和 PALD-10）在跌落试验中表现出显着的接触杀灭（99.9%），除了与 ALD 相当的强抗菌活性（盘扩散试验）。ALD 举例说明了剂量（0.034 和 0.017 mg/ml）依赖的生物膜抑制（P < 0.001）和临床分离株对预先形成的生物膜的显着根除（P < 0.001）。与对照相比，PALD 5 和 PALD 10 显着降低了活的生物膜相关细菌的数量 (99.9%)。ALD 和 PALD 样品都被提议作为具有抗菌膜特性的绿色抗菌材料。结果也为探索 PALD 作为抗菌和/或抗生物膜涂层制剂提供了充足的机会。