A three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a new strategy for fabricating 3D cell-laden constructs that mimic the structural and functional characteristics of various tissues and provides a similar architecture and microenvironment of the native tissue. However, there are few reported studies on the neural function properties of bioengineered bone autografts. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of neural cell integration into 3D bioprinted bone constructs. The bioprinted hydrogel constructs could maintain long-term cell survival, support cell growth for human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), reduce cell surface biomarkers of stemness, and enhance orthopedic differentiation with higher expression of osteogenesis-related genes, including osteopontin (OPN) and bone morphogenetic protein-2. More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration indicated higher OPN gene and secretory alkaline phosphatase levels. These results suggested that the innervation in bioprinted bone constructs can accelerate the differentiation and maturation of bone development and provide patients with an option for accelerated bone function restoration.

中文翻译：

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成骨过程中神经细胞整合到 3D 同轴生物打印 BMMSC 结构中的作用

三维 (3D) 生物打印是一种制造 3D 载细胞结构的新策略，该结构模拟各种组织的结构和功能特征，并提供与天然组织相似的结构和微环境。然而，关于生物工程自体骨移植物的神经功能特性的研究报道较少。因此，本研究旨在研究神经细胞整合到 3D 生物打印骨结构中的影响。生物打印的水凝胶结构可以维持长期细胞存活，支持人骨髓间充质干细胞 (BMMSCs) 的细胞生长，减少干细胞表面生物标志物，并通过骨桥蛋白等成骨相关基因的更高表达增强骨科分化(OPN) 和骨形态发生蛋白-2。更重要的是，具有神经细胞整合的生物打印构建体表明 OPN 基因和分泌碱性磷酸酶水平较高。这些结果表明，生物打印骨结构中的神经支配可以加速骨发育的分化和成熟，并为患者提供加速骨功能恢复的选择。