In the present study, the 3D printer method for fabricating porous bone scaffolds with Polylactic Acid (PLA) printed was used by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Then, the prepared 3D scaffold coated with alginate composed with various amounts of Hydroxyapatite (HA) using the freeze-drying technique. After the fabrication of novel functional graded materials scaffold, the mechanical strength and biological behavior were investigated. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis used to characterize the morphology and phase characterization. The structure of the porous scaffold was simulated using the ABAQUS analysis method and their mechanical and physical properties were extracted. Also, strong antibacterial properties were observed for all samples with increasing HA nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial suspensions. These bio-nano composites are compatible with the pH of the blood. In general, it was found that the most suitable bio-nano composite is the sample with 10 wt % HA nanoparticles. The elastic modulus increased from 350 MPa to 394 MPa with the addition of HA nanoparticles, while the porosity percentages decreased from 44 % to 36 %. The compressive strength increases from 25.2 MPa to 32.7 MPa with the addition of 30 wt% HA nanoparticles. The obtained results showed that the bio-nano composites prepared in this study were suitable for further development in bone substitutes with desirable mechanical properties. The alginate/HA material properties reported from the numerical approach, have an acceptable agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the numerical study indicated that the scaffold compressive strength increases from 22.8 MPa (S1) to 31.2 MPa (S4) with the addition of 30 wt % HA nanoparticles. Nanoindentation test explains that the indenter penetration decreases from 82.163 nm to 69.338 nm with the addition of 30 wt% HA nanoparticles. As a consequence, PLA-alginate/20 wt % HA (S3) and, PLA-alginate/30 wt% HA (S4) have the best mechanical properties. Although due to lower biological advantages of S4 concerning S3, PLA-alginate/20 wt % HA (S3) chose as an appropriate bio-nanocomposite for orthopedic application.

在本研究中，通过熔融沉积建模 (FDM) 使用 3D 打印机方法制造聚乳酸 (PLA) 打印的多孔骨支架。然后，使用冷冻干燥技术制备的 3D 支架涂有海藻酸盐，海藻酸盐由不同量的羟基磷灰石 (HA) 组成。制备新型功能梯度材料支架后，对其机械强度和生物学行为进行了研究。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析用于表征形态和相表征。使用ABAQUS分析方法模拟多孔支架的结构并提取其力学和物理特性。还，对于所有具有增加的 HA 纳米颗粒的样品均观察到对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌悬浮液的强抗菌性能。这些生物纳米复合材料与血液的 pH 值相容。通常，发现最合适的生物纳米复合材料是具有 10 wt% HA 纳米颗粒的样品。加入 HA 纳米粒子后，弹性模量从 350 MPa 增加到 394 MPa，而孔隙率百分比从 44% 减少到 36%。添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒后，抗压强度从 25.2 MPa 增加到 32.7 MPa。所得结果表明，本研究制备的生物纳米复合材料适合进一步开发具有理想机械性能的骨替代品。从数值方法报告的藻酸盐/HA 材料特性，与实验结果具有可接受的一致性。此外，数值研究表明，添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒后，支架的抗压强度从 22.8 MPa (S1) 增加到 31.2 MPa (S4)。纳米压痕测试解释了添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒后，压头的穿透力从 82.163 nm 降低到 69.338 nm。因此，PLA-海藻酸盐/20 wt% HA (S3) 和PLA-海藻酸盐/30 wt% HA (S4) 具有最好的机械性能。尽管由于 S4 在 S3 方面的生物学优势较低，但 PLA-藻酸盐/20 wt % HA (S3) 仍被选为适合骨科应用的生物纳米复合材料。2 MPa (S4)，添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒。纳米压痕测试解释了添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒后，压头的穿透力从 82.163 nm 降低到 69.338 nm。因此，PLA-海藻酸盐/20 wt% HA (S3) 和PLA-海藻酸盐/30 wt% HA (S4) 具有最好的机械性能。尽管由于 S4 相对于 S3 的生物学优势较低，但 PLA-藻酸盐/20 wt % HA (S3) 仍被选为适合骨科应用的生物纳米复合材料。2 MPa (S4)，添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒。纳米压痕测试解释了添加 30 wt% HA 纳米颗粒后，压头的穿透力从 82.163 nm 降低到 69.338 nm。因此，PLA-海藻酸盐/20 wt% HA (S3) 和PLA-海藻酸盐/30 wt% HA (S4) 具有最好的机械性能。尽管由于 S4 相对于 S3 的生物学优势较低，但 PLA-藻酸盐/20 wt % HA (S3) 仍被选为适合骨科应用的生物纳米复合材料。