Introduction Multicomponent interventions improve physical function and frailty in older adults, but their long-term benefit remains uncertain. Methods This prospective non-randomised study was conducted in 383 older Koreans (mean age, 76.8 years; female 72.3%) who were living alone or receiving medical aid. Of these, 187 individuals chose to receive a 24-week intervention that consisted of group exercise, nutritional supplements, depression management, deprescribing and home hazard reduction. The remaining 196 individuals received usual care. We compared the short physical performance battery (SPPB) score (0–12 points), frailty phenotype scale (0–5 points) and deficit-accumulation frailty index (0–1) at baseline, 6, 18 and 30 months. Results After 1:1 propensity score matching (n = 117 per group), the mean SPPB scores for the intervention and comparison groups were 7.6 versus 7.6 at baseline, 10.7 versus 7.1 at 6 months (mean difference, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8–4.2), 9.1 versus 7.8 at 18 months (1.3; 95% CI, 0.6–2.0) and 8.6 versus 7.5 at 30 months (1.1; 95% CI, 0.4–1.8). The intervention group had lower frailty phenotype scale (1.1 versus 1.8; difference, −0.7; 95% CI −1.0 to −0.3) and frailty index (0.22 versus 0.27; difference, −0.04; −0.06 to −0.02) at 6 months, but similar scores at 18 and 30 months. The 30-month mean institutionalisation-free survival time was 28.5 months in the intervention group versus 23.3 months in the comparison group (difference, 5.2 months; 95% CI, 3.1–7.4). Conclusions The 24-week multicomponent intervention showed sustained improvement in physical function, temporary reduction in frailty and longer institutionalisation-free survival over 30 months.

中文翻译：

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24 周多因素干预对社区老年人身体表现和虚弱的长期影响

简介 多成分干预可改善老年人的身体机能和虚弱，但其长期益处仍不确定。方法 这项前瞻性非随机研究在 383 名独居或接受医疗救助的韩国老年人（平均年龄 76.8 岁；女性 72.3%）中进行。其中，187 人选择接受为期 24 周的干预，包括集体锻炼、营养补充剂、抑郁症管理、处方和减少家庭危害。其余 196 人接受常规护理。我们比较了基线、6、18 和 30 个月时的短期体能电池 (SPPB) 评分（0-12 分）、虚弱表型量表（0-5 分）和缺陷累积虚弱指数（0-1）。结果 1:1 倾向得分匹配后（每组 n = 117），干预组和对照组的平均 SPPB 评分在基线时分别为 7.6 对 7.6，6 个月时为 10.7 对 7.1（平均差，3.5；95% 置信区间 [CI]，2.8-4.2），18 个月时为 9.1 对 7.8（1.3 ; 95% CI, 0.6–2.0) 和 8.6 与 30 个月时的 7.5 (1.1; 95% CI, 0.4–1.8)。干预组在 6 个月时具有较低的衰弱表型量表（1.1 对 1.8；差异，-0.7；95% CI -1.0 至 -0.3）和衰弱指数（0.22 对 0.27；差异，-0.04；-0.06 至 -0.02），但在 18 个月和 30 个月时得分相似。干预组的 30 个月平均无住院生存时间为 28.5 个月，而对照组为 23.3 个月（差异，5.2 个月；95% CI，3.1-7.4）。结论 24 周多组分干预显示身体功能持续改善，