ABSTRACT

Mycotoxins have several toxicological implications. In the present study, we evaluate the presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin (FB₁) in paddy rice, polished rice, and maize from the fields and markets in Nayarit State (Mexico). The results indicated the presence of AFB₁ in 21.21% of paddy rice samples and 11.11% of market maize samples. OTA was present in only 3.03% (one sample) of paddy rice samples. FB₁ was detected in 87.50% and 88.88% of maize samples from field and market, respectively. The estimated human exposure was calculated for FB₁ using the probable daily intake (PDI), which suggested that FB₁ could contribute to the development of diseases through the consumption of contaminated maize. Positive samples indicated that some rice and maize samples were not suitable for human consumption. Further efforts are needed to continue monitoring mycotoxins and update national legislation on mycotoxins accordingly.

摘要

霉菌毒素具有多种毒理学意义。在本研究中，我们评估了来自纳亚里特州（墨西哥）田间和市场的水稻、精米和玉米中黄曲霉毒素 B ₁ (AFB ₁ )、赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA) 和伏马菌素 (FB ₁ ) 的存在情况. 结果表明，21.21% 的水稻样品和 11.11% 的商品玉米样品中存在 AFB _{1 。}OTA 仅存在于 3.03%（一个样品）的水稻样品中。FB ₁在来自田间和市场的玉米样品中分别检测到 87.50% 和 88.88%。使用可能的每日摄入量 (PDI)计算 FB ₁的估计人体暴露量，这表明 FB ₁食用受污染的玉米可能会导致疾病的发展。阳性样本表明一些大米和玉米样本不适合人类食用。需要进一步努力继续监测霉菌毒素并相应更新国家关于霉菌毒素的立法。

抽象的

霉菌毒素具有多种毒理学意义。在本研究中，我们评估了来自纳亚里特州（墨西哥）田间和市场的水稻、精米和玉米中黄曲霉毒素 B ₁ (AFB ₁ )、赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA) 和伏马菌素 (FB ₁ ) 的存在情况. 结果表明，21.21% 的水稻样品和 11.11% 的商品玉米样品中存在 AFB _{1 。}OTA 仅存在于 3.03%（一个样品）的水稻样品中。FB ₁在来自田间和市场的玉米样品中分别检测到 87.50% 和 88.88%。使用可能的每日摄入量 (PDI)计算 FB ₁的估计人体暴露量，这表明 FB ₁食用受污染的玉米可能会导致疾病的发展。阳性样本表明一些大米和玉米样本不适合人类食用。需要进一步努力继续监测霉菌毒素并相应更新国家关于霉菌毒素的立法。