Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of the one-day clinic diabetes mellitus (DM) management model on perinatal outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: A total of 995 patients who underwent prenatal checkups at our hospital and were diagnosed with GDM by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening at 24– 28 weeks of gestational age were enrolled between December 2018 and August 2020. The patients were randomly divided into a study group (541 cases) and a control group (454 cases). One-day clinic intervention for DM was conducted in the study group, while individualized dietary interventions and exercise instruction were given in the control group. The perinatal outcomes of patients were compared between the two groups.
Results: In the study group, maternal weight gain, fasting blood glucose before delivery, the incidence of abnormality in postpartum OGTT, and abnormality of pancreatic islet function were lower than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with insulin treatment in the study group was higher than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of premature rupture of membranes, macrosomia, and neonatal jaundice was lower in the study group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The one-day clinic DM management model can effectively control weight gain and blood glucose levels during pregnancy in patients with GDM, resulting in a higher recovery rate of blood glucose and islet function after delivery and a lower incidence of premature rupture of membranes, macrosomia, and neonatal jaundice. The one-day clinic DM management model could therefore have profound implications for reducing and delaying the onset of postpartum type 2 diabetes in patients with GDM.

Keywords: gestational diabetes, one-day clinic, blood glucose, body weight, perinatal outcome


中文翻译：

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一日门诊糖尿病管理模式对妊娠期糖尿病患者围产期结局的影响

目的：本研究的目的是探讨一日门诊糖尿病（DM）管理模式对妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者围产期结局的影响。
方法： 2018年12月至2020年8月，共纳入995例在我院进行产前检查并经口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）筛查确诊为GDM的孕周24~28周的患者。患者随机分组。分为研究组（541例）和对照组（454例）。研究组对糖尿病进行一日临床干预，对照组给予个体化饮食干预和运动指导。比较两组患者的围产期结局。
结果：研究组产妇体重增加、产前空腹血糖、产后OGTT异常发生率、胰岛功能异常发生率均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05） . 研究组接受胰岛素治疗的患者比例高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。研究组胎膜早破、巨大儿、新生儿黄疸发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。
结论：一日门诊DM管理模式可有效控制GDM患者孕期体重增加和血糖水平，使产后血糖和胰岛功能恢复率更高，胎膜早破、巨大儿、和新生儿黄疸。因此，一日门诊 DM 管理模式可能对减少和延缓 GDM 患者产后 2 型糖尿病的发作产生深远的影响。

【关键词】：妊娠糖尿病 一日门诊 血糖 体重 围产期结局