Abstract: Gut microbiota are critical to many aspects of human health including immune and metabolic health. Long-term diet influences the community structure and activity of the trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gut, but it remains unclear how the human gut microbiome responds to short-term intervention with dietary fiber. This study explored the effects of mixed dietary fibers on gut microbiota in young, healthy people. Twelve healthy, young adults participated in a randomized, crossover trial comparing the effects of polyglucan, inulin and resistant malt dextrin on gut microbiota composition and bacterial abundances. During the study, the subjects followed their normal diets without any constraints. Microbial community profiles were determined by absolute quantification 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Mixed model analysis did not reveal an effect of dietary intervention on microbial community structure. At the genus level, dietary fiber intervention for 4 days significantly promoted the growth of Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides and Parasutterella and inhibited the growth of Adlercreutzia, Anaerovorax, Enterococcus, Intestinibacter and Ruminococcus 2 compared with the baseline. Addition of whey albumen powder for 4 days promoted the growth of Corynebacterium, Collinsella, Olsenella and Lactococcus but interfered with the growth of Megasphaera. Our results should be corroborated by randomized clinical trials with large sample size.

Keywords: dietary fiber, gut microbiota, short-term intervention


中文翻译：

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短期膳食纤维干预对健康青年肠道菌群的影响

摘要：肠道微生物群对人类健康的许多方面都至关重要，包括免疫和代谢健康。长期饮食会影响居住在人类肠道中的数万亿微生物的群落结构和活动，但目前尚不清楚人类肠道微生物群对膳食纤维的短期干预有何反应。本研究探讨了混合膳食纤维对年轻、健康人群肠道微生物群的影响。12 名健康的年轻人参加了一项随机交叉试验，比较了多聚葡聚糖、菊粉和抗性麦芽糊精对肠道微生物群组成和细菌丰度的影响。在研究期间，受试者没有任何限制地遵循他们的正常饮食。通过绝对定量 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序确定微生物群落概况。混合模型分析没有揭示饮食干预对微生物群落结构的影响。在属水平上，4天的膳食纤维干预显着促进了Alloprevotella，Parabacteroides和Parasutterella和抑制生长Adlercreutzia，Anaerovorax，肠球菌，Intestinibacter和瘤胃球菌2与基线进行比较。添加乳清蛋白粉4天促进了棒状杆菌、柯林氏菌、奥尔森氏菌和乳球菌的生长，但干扰了巨球藻的生长。我们的结果应该得到大样本随机临床试验的证实。

关键词：膳食纤维，肠道菌群，短期干预