This study compared the kinematic parameters of swing mechanics under toss batting (TB), motor imagery (MI), video projection (VP), and virtual reality (VR) conditions during baseball batting. Nine college baseball players performed three swings to hit a tossed ball under TB conditions or a virtual ball under MI, VP, and VR conditions. The results revealed that upper trunk backward rotation was smaller in the loading phase under the VP and VR conditions than under the TB and MI conditions and lower under VR than under the VP condition (p < 0.05) except at the load event. Pelvic backward rotation was smaller under the VR condition than under the TB, MI, and VP conditions (p < 0.05). In the swing phase, TB demonstrated higher peak velocity at the head of the bat, lead elbow extension, and pelvis and upper trunk rotation than did MI, VP, and VR, whereas VP also demonstrated higher peak velocity in pelvic forward rotation than did VR (p < 0.05). In summary, VR demonstrates a more realistic response in the loading phase and reduced pelvic backward rotation but lower movement velocities. Coaches should pay attention to movement differences between swing conditions when arranging a swing training plan.

本研究比较了棒球击球过程中在击球 (TB)、运动图像 (MI)、视频投影 (VP) 和虚拟现实 (VR) 条件下挥杆力学的运动学参数。九名大学棒球运动员在 TB 条件下进行了 3 次挥杆以击中抛球或 MI、VP 和 VR 条件下的虚拟球。结果表明，在负重和负重条件下，负重阶段的上躯干向后旋转小于 TB 和 MI 条件，而 在负重下比 VP 条件下低 ( p < 0.05)，除了负重事件。VR 条件下的骨盆后旋小于 TB、MI 和 VP 条件下（p < 0.05)。在摆动阶段，TB 表现出比 MI、VP 和 VR 更高的蝙蝠头部、前肘伸展、骨盆和上躯干旋转的峰值速度，而 VP 也表现出比 VR 更高的骨盆前转峰值速度( p  < 0.05)。总之，VR 在加载阶段表现出更真实的反应，减少骨盆向后旋转，但降低运动速度。教练员在安排挥杆训练计划时应注意挥杆条件之间的动作差异。