The Impacts of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate in the Atmosphere of Megacities and Large Urban Areas: A Historical Perspective,ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

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The Impacts of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate in the Atmosphere of Megacities and Large Urban Areas: A Historical Perspective
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00143
Jeffrey S. Gaffney ₁ , Nancy A. Marley ₁

Affiliation

This paper is an overview of the history, discovery, and measurement of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its analogs, the peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), in highly populated urban areas and their downwind environments. The PANs are known to be strong lachrymators and highly phytotoxic. The discovery and characterization of PAN and its analogs helped to confirm that photochemical smog chemistry involved the oxidation of organics by the OH radical to produce organoperoxy radicals, which rapidly convert nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and lead to enhanced ozone formation. Advances in the knowledge of the chemistry of PAN and the PANs are reviewed including synthetic procedures, measurement techniques, field and satellite measurements, and important properties (rates of reaction, ultraviolet photolysis, and aqueous solubilities). Ground based measurements obtained in urban centers are highlighted, and the role of these large population centers is examined as sources of the PANs that impact downwind concentrations of tropospheric ozone. The phytotoxicity of PAN is discussed briefly along with its connections to other key trace species including the organic peracids, peroxides, and nitrates. The future potential of increasing wildfires due to climate change that are likely leading to large scale formation of the PANs is discussed along with the need to address the reactions of the PANs with polycyclic hydrocarbons on the surfaces of oily carbonaceous aerosols emitted from these fires. The work summarized here has led to the determination that PAN and its analogs play key roles in urban, regional, and global tropospheric chemistry.

中文翻译：

过氧乙酰硝酸盐对特大城市和大城市地区大气的影响：历史视角

本文概述了过氧乙酰硝酸盐 (PAN) 及其类似物过氧酰基硝酸盐 (PAN) 在人口稠密的城市地区及其顺风环境中的历史、发现和测量。众所周知，PAN 是强催泪剂和高度植物毒性。PAN 及其类似物的发现和表征有助于证实光化学烟雾化学涉及通过 OH 自由基氧化有机物以产生有机过氧自由基，后者迅速将一氧化氮转化为二氧化氮并导致臭氧形成增强。综述了 PAN 和 PAN 化学知识的进展，包括合成程序、测量技术、现场和卫星测量以及重要特性（反应速率、紫外线光解和水溶性）。强调了在城市中心获得的地面测量结果，并检查了这些大型人口中心作为影响对流层臭氧下风浓度的 PAN 来源的作用。简要讨论了 PAN 的植物毒性及其与其他关键痕量物种（包括有机过酸、过氧化物和硝酸盐）的联系。讨论了可能导致 PAN 大规模形成的气候变化导致野火增加的未来潜力，同时讨论了解决 PAN 与这些火灾排放的含油碳质气溶胶表面上的多环烃反应的必要性。此处总结的工作已确定 PAN 及其类似物在城市、区域和全球对流层化学中发挥关键作用。并且研究了这些大型人口中心作为影响对流层臭氧下风浓度的 PAN 来源的作用。简要讨论了 PAN 的植物毒性及其与其他关键痕量物种（包括有机过酸、过氧化物和硝酸盐）的联系。讨论了可能导致 PAN 大规模形成的气候变化导致野火增加的未来潜力，同时讨论了解决 PAN 与这些火灾排放的含油碳质气溶胶表面上的多环烃反应的必要性。此处总结的工作已确定 PAN 及其类似物在城市、区域和全球对流层化学中发挥关键作用。并且研究了这些大型人口中心作为影响对流层臭氧下风浓度的 PAN 来源的作用。简要讨论了 PAN 的植物毒性及其与其他关键痕量物种（包括有机过酸、过氧化物和硝酸盐）的联系。讨论了可能导致 PAN 大规模形成的气候变化导致野火增加的未来潜力，同时讨论了解决 PAN 与这些火灾排放的含油碳质气溶胶表面上的多环烃反应的必要性。此处总结的工作已确定 PAN 及其类似物在城市、区域和全球对流层化学中发挥关键作用。

更新日期：2021-08-19

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