As one of the well-defined classes of low-dimensional materials, one-dimensional (1D) materials and related heterostructures have aroused broad interest due to their unique physical properties and widespread applications over the past decades. The concept of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, which has gained great success in superlattice of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, can be also extended to heterostructures with 1D atomic crystals. Due to the less rigid requirement on lattice matching, versatility of foreign materials with different dimensionalities can be integrated with the 1D templates via non-covalent bonding. Such 1D vdW heterostructures are expected to exhibit intriguing physical properties and functionalities that cannot be realized in single-component 1D material. This review article aims to provide a succinct and critical survey of the emerging 1D vdW heterostructures. We start with an overview of the configuration and summarize the synthetic strategies of 1D vdW heterostructures. Next, we discuss their physical properties with emphasis on those originated from the unique structure–property relationship, including spatial confinement effect and phase transition, band structure and electrical properties, optical properties, thermal properties and environmental stability, and directional mass transport. The emerging applications of 1D vdW heterostructures in electronic, photonic, optoelectronic and energy storage fields are comprehensively overviewed. Last, we conclude with a brief perspective on the opportunities as well as challenges of vdW heterostructures with 1D atomic crystals.

作为定义明确的低维材料类别之一，一维 (1D) 材料和相关异质结构因其独特的物理性质和在过去几十年中的广泛应用而引起了广泛的兴趣。范德华 (vdW) 异质结构的概念在二维 (2D) 层状材料的超晶格中取得了巨大成功，也可以扩展到具有 1D 原子晶体的异质结构。由于对晶格匹配的严格要求较低，不同维度的异物的多功能性可以通过非共价键与一维模板集成。这种 1D vdW 异质结构有望表现出在单组分 1D 材料中无法实现的有趣物理特性和功能。这篇评论文章旨在对新兴的一维 vdW 异质结构进行简洁而重要的调查。我们从配置概述开始，并总结一维 vdW 异质结构的合成策略。接下来，我们讨论了它们的物理性质，重点是源自独特的结构-性质关系的那些，包括空间限制效应和相变、能带结构和电学性质、光学性质、热性质和环境稳定性，以及定向传质。全面概述了 1D vdW 异质结构在电子、光子、光电和储能领域的新兴应用。最后，我们简要介绍了具有一维原子晶体的 vdW 异质结构的机遇和挑战。