Among the various forms of response bias that can emerge with self-report rating scale assessments are those related to anchoring, the tendency for respondents to select categories in close proximity to the rating category used for the immediately preceding item. In this study we propose a psychometric model based on a multidimensional nominal model for response style that also simultaneously accommodates a respondent-level anchoring tendency. The model is estimated using a fully Bayesian estimation procedure. By applying this model to a real test data set measuring extraversion, we explore a theory that both response styles and anchoring might be viewed as evidence of a lack of effortful responding. Empirical results show that there is a positive correlation between the strength of midpoint response style and the anchoring effect; further, responses indicative of either anchoring or response style both negatively correlate with response time, consistent with a theory that both phenomena reflect reduced respondent effort. The results support attending to both anchoring and midpoint response style as ways of assessing respondent engagement.

中文翻译：

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自我报告评级量表上受访者水平锚定的心理测量模型

在自我报告评分量表评估中可能出现的各种形式的反应偏差中，与锚定有关，即受访者倾向于选择与前一个项目所使用的评分类别非常接近的类别。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个基于响应风格的多维名义模型的心理测量模型，该模型还同时适应了受访者级别的锚定趋势。该模型使用完全贝叶斯估计程序进行估计。通过将该模型应用于测量外向性的真实测试数据集，我们探索了一个理论，即反应风格和锚定都可能被视为缺乏努力反应的证据。实证结果表明，中点反应风格强度与锚定效果呈正相关；更远，表明锚定或响应风格的响应都与响应时间呈负相关，这与两种现象都反映了受访者努力减少的理论一致。结果支持将锚定和中点响应风格作为评估受访者参与度的方式。