Recent COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives due to lack of a rapid diagnostic tool. Global scientific community is now making joint efforts on developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for early detection of viral infections to preventing future outbreaks. Conventional diagnostic methods for virus detection are expensive and time consuming. There is an immediate requirement for a sensitive, reliable, rapid and easy-to-use Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostic technology. Electrochemical biosensors have the potential to fulfill these requirements, but they are less sensitive for sensing viruses/viral infections. However, sensitivity and performance of these electrochemical platforms can be improved by integrating carbon nanostructure, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These nanostructures offer excellent electrical property, biocompatibility, chemical stability, mechanical strength and, large surface area that are most desired in developing PoC diagnostic tools for detecting viral infections with speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. This review summarizes recent advancements made toward integrating graphene/CNTs nanostructures and their surface modifications useful for developing new generation of electrochemical nanobiosensors for detecting viral infections. The review also provides prospects and considerations for extending the graphene/CNTs based electrochemical transducers into portable and wearable PoC tools that can be useful in preventing future outbreaks and pandemics.

由于缺乏快速诊断工具，最近的 COVID-19 大流行已夺去了数百万人的生命。全球科学界目前正在共同努力开发快速、准确的诊断工具，以及早发现病毒感染，以预防未来的疫情爆发。用于病毒检测的传统诊断方法既昂贵又耗时。迫切需要一种灵敏、可靠、快速且易于使用的护理点 (PoC) 诊断技术。电化学生物传感器有潜力满足这些要求，但它们对于感测病毒/病毒感染不太敏感。然而，这些电化学平台的灵敏度和性能可以通过集成碳纳米结构（例如石墨烯和碳纳米管（CNT））来提高。这些纳米结构具有优异的电性能、生物相容性、化学稳定性、机械强度和大表面积，这是开发快速、灵敏且经济高效地检测病毒感染的 PoC 诊断工具所最需要的。这篇综述总结了最近在整合石墨烯/碳纳米管纳米结构及其表面修饰方面取得的进展，这些进展有助于开发新一代电化学纳米生物传感器来检测病毒感染。该评论还提供了将基于石墨烯/碳纳米管的电化学传感器扩展到便携式和可穿戴式 PoC 工具的前景和考虑因素，这些工具可用于预防未来的疫情和大流行。