Oncoviruses are viruses that can cause tumors. Seven viruses are currently recognized as oncogenic in humans: Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as HHV8), human papillomaviruses (HPVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The clinical phenotypes resulting from infection with these oncoviruses range from asymptomatic infection to invasive cancers. Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are prone to the development of infectious diseases caused by a narrow or broad spectrum of pathogens, including oncoviruses in some cases. Studies of patients with IEI have deepened our understanding of the non-redundant mechanisms underlying the control of EBV, HHV8 and HPV infections. The human genetic factors conferring predisposition to oncogenic HBV, HCV, HTLV-1 and MCPyV manifestations remain elusive. We briefly review here what is currently known about the IEI conferring predisposition to severe infection with oncoviruses.

肿瘤病毒是可以引起肿瘤的病毒。七种病毒目前被认为对人类具有致癌性：爱泼斯坦巴尔病毒 (EBV)、卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒 (KSHV，也称为 HHV8)、人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)、乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 、人 T 淋巴细胞病毒 1 (HTLV-1) 和默克尔细胞多瘤病毒 (MCPyV)。感染这些肿瘤病毒导致的临床表型范围从无症状感染到侵袭性癌症。患有先天性免疫缺陷 (IEI) 的患者容易患上由窄谱或广谱病原体引起的传染病，在某些情况下包括肿瘤病毒。对 IEI 患者的研究加深了我们对控制 EBV、HHV8 和 HPV 感染的非冗余机制的理解。赋予致癌 HBV、HCV、HTLV-1 和 MCPyV 表现易感性的人类遗传因素仍然难以捉摸。我们在这里简要回顾一下目前已知的关于 IEI 赋予严重感染肿瘤病毒的倾向的知识。