Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with a high mortality rate worldwide. The complexity of HCC initiation and progression poses a great challenge to the diagnosis and treatment. An increasing number of studies have focused on the emerging roles of protein arginine methylation in cancers, including tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, metabolism, immune responses, chemotherapy sensitivity, etc. The family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is the most important proteins that mediate arginine methylation. The deregulation of PRMTs’ expression and functions in cancers have been gradually unveiled, and many PRMTs inhibitors are in preclinical and clinical investigations now. This review focuses predominantly on the aberrant expression of PRMTs, underlying mechanisms, as well as their potential applications in HCC, and provide novel insights into HCC therapy.

肝细胞癌（HCC）是世界范围内最常被诊断出的癌症之一，死亡率很高。HCC 发生和发展的复杂性给诊断和治疗带来了巨大挑战。越来越多的研究关注蛋白质精氨酸甲基化在癌症中的新兴作用，包括肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移、代谢、免疫反应、化疗敏感性等。 蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶 (PRMT) 家族是最重要的蛋白质介导精氨酸甲基化。PRMTs在癌症中表达和功能的失调已经逐渐被揭开，许多PRMTs抑制剂正在临床前和临床研究中。本综述主要关注 PRMT 的异常表达、潜在机制、