The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide and has seriously threatened public health by causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with preexisting endothelial dysfunction caused by aging, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are at high risk for life-threatening thromboembolic complications. This suggests a possibility that reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability could be a common underlying pathology for the progression of COVID-19. Increasingly, evidence from experimental and clinical studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection shows that NO inhibits the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including virus entry into host cells, viral replication, host immune response, and subsequent thromboembolic complications. Restoring NO bioavailability may have the potential to be a preventive or early-treatment option for COVID-19. This review aims to provide in-depth discussion of NO bioavailability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly by focusing on lifestyle factors such as nitrate-rich diets, physical exercise, and nasal breathing, which could be easily performed on a daily basis to boost NO bioavailability.

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 已在世界范围内传播，并通过导致显着的发病率和死亡率严重威胁公众健康。冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者因衰老、糖尿病、高血压和肥胖而导致内皮功能障碍，这些患者发生危及生命的血栓栓塞并发症的风险很高。这表明减少内皮一氧化氮 (NO) 产生和 NO 生物利用度可能是 COVID-19 进展的常见潜在病理学。越来越多来自 SARS-CoV-2 感染的实验和临床研究的证据表明，NO 抑制 COVID-19 的发病机制，包括病毒进入宿主细胞、病毒复制、宿主免疫反应和随后的血栓栓塞并发症。恢复 NO 的生物利用度可能有可能成为 COVID-19 的预防或早期治疗选择。本综述旨在深入讨论 NO 预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染的生物利用度，特别是通过关注生活方式因素，如富含硝酸盐的饮食、体育锻炼和鼻呼吸，这些都可以在日常生活中轻松进行以提高 NO 的生物利用度。