Background

There are few population-based studies of complications due to acute rhinosinusitis in children. The aim was to clarify the admission and complication rate and analyze bacterial cultures in children five to 18 years old in Stockholm, Sweden.

Methods

This was a population-based observational cohort study with retrospectively collected data from individual medical records, from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. Hospital admissions of children with a discharge diagnosis of rhinosinusitis and related complications were reviewed.

Results

Incidence of admission due to acute rhinosinusitis was 7.8 per 100 000 children per year (boys 9.2, girls 6.2) and 61% of the admitted children were boys. A severe – postseptal orbital, intracranial or osseous – complication, was present in 34% of admissions (postseptal orbital 28%, intracranial 6%, osseous 4%), resulting in an incidence of 2.6 severe complications per 100 000 children per year (boys 3.6, girls 1.6). Orbital preseptal cellulitis was present in 88% of admissions. Incidence of surgery was 1.3 per 100 000 per year (boys 1.8, girls 0.8) and the percentage of admitted children that had surgery increased with age. S. pyogenes was the most common pathogen found in the whole cohort (29 admissions), while S. milleri was the most common pathogen found among the children with severe complication and surgery.

Conclusions

There is a relative high risk of severe complications in children between five to 18 years that are admitted due to acute rhinosinusitis. There is a need for prospective studies to further analyze the pathogens involved in complications due to acute rhinosinusitis.

中文翻译：

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瑞典一项基于人群的 5-18 岁儿童急性鼻鼻窦炎并发症研究

背景

关于儿童急性鼻鼻窦炎并发症的基于人群的研究很少。目的是澄清瑞典斯德哥尔摩 5 至 18 岁儿童的入院率和并发症发生率并分析细菌培养。

方法

这是一项基于人群的观察性队列研究，回顾性收集了 2003 年 7 月 1 日至 2016 年 6 月 30 日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩的个人医疗记录数据。对出院诊断为鼻鼻窦炎和相关并发症的儿童入院进行了审查。

结果

因急性鼻鼻窦炎入院的发生率为每年每 10 万儿童 7.8 人（男孩 9.2，女孩 6.2），61% 的入院儿童是男孩。严重的眶隔后、颅内或骨性并发症出现在 34% 的入院病例中（眶隔后眶 28%，颅内 6%，骨性 4%），导致每年每 10 万名儿童（男孩）发生 2.6 例严重并发症3.6，女孩 1.6）。88% 的入院患者存在眶隔前蜂窝织炎。手术发生率为每年每 100 000 人中 1.3 次（男孩 1.8，女孩 0.8），并且接受手术的入院儿童的百分比随着年龄的增长而增加。S. pyogenes是整个队列中最常见的病原体（29 人入院），而S. milleri 是在患有严重并发症和手术的儿童中发现的最常见的病原体。

结论

因急性鼻窦炎入院的 5 至 18 岁儿童发生严重并发症的风险相对较高。需要前瞻性研究进一步分析与急性鼻鼻窦炎并发症有关的病原体。