Integrated water management has become a priority for cropping systems where subirrigation is possible. Compared to conventional sprinkler irrigation, the controlling water table can lead to a substantial increase in yield and water use efficiency with less pumping energy requirements. Knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of water table depth (WTD) and soil properties should help perform intelligent, integrated water management. Observation wells were installed in cranberry fields with different water management systems: Bottom, with good drainage and controlled WTD management; Surface, with good drainage and sprinkler irrigation management; Natural, without drainage, or with imperfectly drained and conventional sprinkler irrigation. During the 2017–2020 growing seasons, WTD was monitored on an hourly basis, while precipitation was measured at each site. Multi-frequential periodogram analysis revealed a dominant periodic component of 40 days each year in WTD fluctuations for the Bottom and Surface systems; for the Natural system, periodicity was heterogeneous and ranged from 2 to 6 weeks. Temporal cross correlations with precipitation show that for almost all the sites, there is a 3 to 9 h lag before WTD rises; one exception is a subirrigation site. These results indicate that automatic water table management based on continuously updated knowledge could contribute to integrated water management systems, by using precipitation-based models to predict WTD.

中文翻译：

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不同农业用水管理条件下地下水位深度的时空异质性

综合水资源管理已成为可以进行地下灌溉的种植系统的优先事项。与传统的喷灌相比，控制地下水位可以显着提高产量和用水效率，同时减少泵送能量需求。了解地下水位深度 (WTD) 和土壤特性的时空分布应该有助于执行智能、综合的水管理。在蔓越莓田中安装了具有不同水管理系统的观测井：底部，排水良好，控制 WTD 管理；地表，具有良好的排水和喷灌管理；自然，不排水，或不完全排水和传统的喷灌。在 2017-2020 生长季节期间，每小时监测一次 WTD，同时在每个地点测量降水。多频周期图分析揭示了底部和表面系统 WTD 波动中每年 40 天的主要周期分量；对于自然系统，周期性是异质的，范围为 2 至 6 周。与降水的时间互相关表明，几乎所有站点在 WTD 上升之前都有 3 到 9 小时的滞后；一个例外是地下灌溉点。这些结果表明，通过使用基于降水的模型来预测 WTD，基于不断更新知识的自动地下水位管理可以促进综合水管理系统。周期性是异质的，范围为 2 至 6 周。与降水的时间互相关表明，几乎所有站点在 WTD 上升之前都有 3 到 9 小时的滞后；一个例外是地下灌溉点。这些结果表明，通过使用基于降水的模型来预测 WTD，基于不断更新知识的自动地下水位管理可以促进综合水管理系统。周期性是异质的，范围为 2 至 6 周。与降水的时间互相关表明，几乎所有站点在 WTD 上升之前都有 3 到 9 小时的滞后；一个例外是地下灌溉点。这些结果表明，通过使用基于降水的模型来预测 WTD，基于不断更新知识的自动地下水位管理可以促进综合水管理系统。