Despite technological progress, we lack a consensus on the method of conducting automated bowel sound (BS) analysis and, consequently, BS tools have not become available to doctors. We aimed to briefly review the literature on BS recording and analysis, with an emphasis on the broad range of analytical approaches. Scientific journals and conference materials were researched with a specific set of terms (Scopus, MEDLINE, IEEE) to find reports on BS. The research articles identified were analyzed in the context of main research directions at a number of centers globally. Automated BS analysis methods were already well developed by the early 2000s. Accuracy of 90% and higher had been achieved with various analytical approaches, including wavelet transformations, multi-layer perceptrons, independent component analysis and autoregressive-moving-average models. Clinical research on BS has exposed their important potential in the non-invasive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, in surgery, and for the investigation of gastrointestinal motility. The most recent advances are linked to the application of artificial intelligence and the development of dedicated BS devices. BS research is technologically mature, but lacks uniform methodology, an international forum for discussion and an open platform for data exchange. A common ground is needed as a starting point. The next key development will be the release of freely available benchmark datasets with labels confirmed by human experts.

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概述

尽管技术取得了进步，但我们对进行自动肠鸣音 (BS) 分析的方法缺乏共识，因此医生还没有可用的 BS 工具。我们的目的是简要回顾有关 BS 记录和分析的文献，重点是广泛的分析方法。使用一组特定术语（Scopus、MEDLINE、IEEE）对科学期刊和会议材料进行研究，以查找有关 BS 的报告。所确定的研究文章是在全球许多中心的主要研究方向的背景下进行分析的。自动化 BS 分析方法在 2000 年代初期就已经得到了很好的发展。通过各种分析方法，包括小波变换、多层感知器、独立成分分析和自回归移动平均模型，准确率已达到 90% 或更高。BS 的临床研究揭示了其在肠易激综合征的无创诊断、手术以及胃肠动力研究方面的重要潜力。最新进展与人工智能的应用和专用基站设备的开发有关。BS研究技术成熟，但缺乏统一的方法论、国际讨论论坛和开放的数据交换平台。需要有一个共同点作为起点。下一个关键进展将是发布免费的基准数据集，并带有人类专家确认的标签。