Investigating ecosystem, soil and aboveground respiration under different agricultural management regimes (i.e., fertilization, crop types and plowing practices) is critical for better understanding the processes of agricultural carbon cycles. The effects of agricultural management regimes on ecosystem respiration and its soil and aboveground respiration components have not been well identified. We performed a field experiment to measure ecosystem and soil respiration under different management regimes. Air temperature, soil temperature, soil moisture, crop growth characteristics [aboveground biomass (AB), leaf biomass (LB), leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), plant height (PH)] and crop productivity indexes [i.e., yield and biomass of a thousand seeds (BTS)] were also measured. The WrP4 treatment, where nitrogen was applied as chemical fertilizer and straw, had significantly (P < 0.05) higher seasonal cumulative ecosystem respiration (SCER) than the treatments where only chemical nitrogen was applied. Rice paddies had significantly (P < 0.05) lower SCER and seasonal cumulative soil respiration (SCSR) than upland plots during the 2003 summer growing season. No-till treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased the SCER compared with plowing treatment. Plowing practices had different effects on the SCSR in the different growing seasons. The highest annual ecosystem respiration during the 2002‒2003 and 2003‒2004 rotation years was higher than that in previous studies that used the eddy covariance (EC) technique in croplands. The percentage of soil to ecosystem respiration varied from 31% to 81% across treatments. The SCER across treatments during the winter wheat growing seasons was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with temperature, maximum aboveground biomass (MAB), maximum leaf biomass (MLB), maximum specific leaf area (MSLA) and BTS. Seasonal variations in ecosystem and soil respiration could be modelled by temperature, moisture, AB, LAI and PH. Moreover, the aboveground respiration coefficient decreased with increasing LAI and PH in the winter wheat, maize and rice plots.

调查不同农业管理制度（即施肥、作物类型和耕作方式）下的生态系统、土壤和地上呼吸对于更好地了解农业碳循环过程至关重要。农业管理制度对生态系统呼吸及其土壤和地上呼吸成分的影响尚未得到很好的确定。我们进行了田间试验，以测量不同管理制度下的生态系统和土壤呼吸。气温、土壤温度、土壤水分、作物生长特性[地上生物量(AB)、叶生物量(LB)、叶面积指数(LAI)、比叶面积(SLA)、株高(PH)]和作物生产力指标[即，还测量了一千粒种子 (BTS)] 的产量和生物量。WrP4 处理，P < 0.05) 比仅施用化学氮的处理更高的季节性累积生态系统呼吸 (SCER)。在 2003 年夏季生长季节，稻田的SCER 和季节性累积土壤呼吸 (SCSR)显着低于旱地（P < 0.05）。免耕处理显着（P< 0.05) 与犁耕处理相比增加了 SCER。在不同的生长季节，耕作方式对 SCSR 的影响不同。2002-2003 年和 2003-2004 年轮作年的最高年生态系统呼吸高于以往在农田中使用涡度协方差（EC）技术的研究。不同处理中土壤与生态系统呼吸的百分比从 31% 到 81% 不等。冬小麦生长季各处理间SCER显着（P< 0.05) 与温度、最大地上生物量 (MAB)、最大叶生物量 (MLB)、最大比叶面积 (MSLA) 和 BTS 相关。生态系统和土壤呼吸的季节性变化可以通过温度、湿度、AB、LAI 和 PH 来模拟。此外，冬小麦、玉米和稻田地上呼吸系数随着LAI和PH值的增加而降低。