Verticillium wilt is a major disease of cotton that considerably decreases yield and crop quality. Soil microbial communities play an important role in plant health. Therefore, biocontrol bacteria that regulate microbial communities in rhizosphere soil can improve plant resistance to pathogens. Previously, the antagonistic strain Bacillus axarquiensis TUBP1 was screened and found to act against Verticillium dahliae with 43% biocontrol effect in cotton fields. We studied the effect of Bacillus axarquiensis TUBP1 with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene marker on the microbial community structure of cotton rhizosphere soil and cotton yield and quality. Cotton Verticillium wilt incidence, soil biochemical properties, and soil bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed. Results showed that bacterial and fungal abundance in cotton rhizosphere soil was temporarily changed after applying B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP. However, Bacillus significantly increased, whereas V. dahliae significantly decreased. The incidence of cotton Verticillium wilt after treatment with B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP was significantly lower and cotton production increased by 40.6%. Our findings indicated that the application of B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP can change microbial community structure of cotton rhizosphere soil, leading to a reduction in the incidence of cotton Verticillium wilt and increasing cotton yield.

黄萎病是棉花的主要病害，可显着降低产量和作物品质。土壤微生物群落在植物健康中起着重要作用。因此，调节根际土壤微生物群落的生防细菌可以提高植物对病原体的抵抗力。此前，筛选了拮抗菌株Bacillus axarquiensis TUBP1，发现其在棉田中对大丽轮枝菌具有 43% 的生防效果。我们研究了Bacillus axarquiensis的作用TUBP1带有绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因标记对棉花根际土壤微生物群落结构和棉花产量和品质的影响。分析了棉花黄萎病发病率、土壤生化特性以及土壤细菌和真菌群落。结果表明，施用B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP后，棉花根际土壤中细菌和真菌的丰度暂时发生了变化。然而，芽孢杆菌显着增加，而大丽花弧菌显着减少。B. axarquiensis TUBP-315GFP处理后棉花黄萎病发病率显着降低，棉花产量增加40.6%。我们的研究结果表明B. axarquiensis的应用 TUBP-315GFP可以改变棉花根际土壤微生物群落结构，降低棉花黄萎病发病率，提高棉花产量。