Hybrid niobium-based catalysts were synthesized and applied in two kinds of reactions: oleic acid esterification to produce biodiesel and oxidation of quinoline, an important contaminant of fossil fuels. Niobium oxides were functionalized with p-toluenesulfonic acid, which conferred amphiphilic properties on the materials and an increase in Brønsted acidic sites due to the incorporation of sulfo groups on the material surface. The oleic acid esterification reaction with methanol showed very high efficiency of the hybrid material with 90 % conversion, even after three reuse cycles, under very mild conditions. Moreover, the catalyst was capable of promoting quinoline oxidation in a biphasic reaction.

中文翻译：

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多功能杂化五氧化二铌基催化剂在燃料工业反应中的应用：油酸酯化和喹啉氧化

合成了混合铌基催化剂并应用于两种反应：油酸酯化生产生物柴油和喹啉氧化，喹啉是化石燃料的重要污染物。铌氧化物用对甲苯磺酸官能化，这赋予材料两亲性，并由于在材料表面掺入磺基而增加了 Brønsted 酸性位点。油酸酯与甲醇的反应显示了混合材料的非常高的效率，转化率为 90%，即使在非常温和的条件下经过三个重复使用循环。此外，该催化剂能够在双相反应中促进喹啉氧化。