A series of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives based on the quinoline–benzimidazole hybrid scaffold was designed, synthesized, and screened against a panel of NCI-60 humanoid cancer cell lines for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, which revealed that compound Q6 was the most potent cytotoxic agent with excellent GI₅₀, TGI, and LC₅₀ values on multiple cancer cell lines. Q6 was tested further on the BT-474 breast cancer line to evaluate the mechanism of action. Preliminary screening studies based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay revealed that compound Q6 had an excellent antiproliferative effect against human breast cancer cells, BT-474, with IC₅₀ values of 0.59 ± 0.01 μM. The detailed study based on the acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining (AO/EB) and the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) assay suggested that the antiproliferative activity shown was due to the induction of apoptosis on exposure to Q6. Further, DCFDA staining showed the generation of reactive oxygen species, altering the mitochondrial potential and leading to the initiation of apoptosis. This was further supported by JC-1 staining, indicating that this scaffold can contribute to the development of more potent derivatives.

中文翻译：

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新型 3-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one-based 三唑衍生物：作为抗增殖和凋亡诱导剂的设计、合成和生物学评价

设计、合成了一系列基于喹啉-苯并咪唑杂化支架的 1,2,3-三唑衍生物，并针对一组 NCI-60 类人癌细胞系进行了体外细胞毒性评估，结果表明化合物Q6是最有效的细胞毒剂，对多种癌细胞系具有优异的 GI ₅₀、TGI 和 LC _50值。Q6在 BT-474 乳腺癌线上进行了进一步测试，以评估作用机制。基于 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑的初步筛选研究表明，化合物Q6对人乳腺癌细胞 BT-474 具有优异的抗增殖作用，IC ₅₀值为 0.59 ± 0.01 μM。基于吖啶橙/溴化乙锭染色 (AO/EB) 和 4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚 (DAPI) 测定的详细研究表明，显示的抗增殖活性是由于暴露于Q6时诱导细胞凋亡. 此外，DCFDA 染色显示活性氧的产生，改变了线粒体电位并导致细胞凋亡的开始。JC-1 染色进一步支持了这一点，表明该支架有助于开发更有效的衍生物。