Despite clinical applications of the first-generation tissue adhesives and hemostats, the correlation among microstructure and hemostasis of hydrogels with wound healing is less understood and it is elusive to design high-performance hydrogels to meet worldwide growing demands in wound closure, hemostasis, and healing. Inspired by the microstructure of extracellular matrix and mussel-mimetic chemistry, two kinds of coordinated and covalent glycopolypeptide hydrogels are fabricated, which present tunable tissue adhesion strength (14.6–83.9 kPa) and microporous structure (8–18 µm), and lower hemolysis <1.5%. Remarkably, the microporous size mainly controls the hemostasis, and those hydrogels with larger pores of 16–18 µm achieve the fastest hemostasis of ≈14 s and the lowest blood loss of ≈6% than fibrin glue and others. Moreover, both biocompatibility and hemostasis affect wound healing performance, as assessed by hemolysis, cytotoxicity, subcutaneous implantation, and hemostasis and healing assays. Importantly, the glycopolypeptide hydrogel-treated rat-skin defect model achieves full wound closure and regenerates thick dermis and epidermis with some hair follicles on day 14. Consequently, this work not only establishes a versatile method for constructing glycopolypeptide hydrogels with tunable adhesion and microporous structure, fast hemostasis, and superior healing functions, but also discloses a useful rationale for designing high-performance hemostatic and healing hydrogels.

中文翻译：

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具有可调粘附性和微孔结构的仿生糖多肽水凝胶，用于快速止血和高效伤口愈合

尽管第一代组织粘合剂和止血剂已在临床上得到应用，但水凝胶的微观结构和止血与伤口愈合之间的相关性尚不清楚，并且难以设计高性能水凝胶以满足全球在伤口闭合、止血和愈合方面日益增长的需求. 受细胞外基质的微观结构和贻贝模拟化学的启发，制备了两种配位和共价糖多肽水凝胶，它们具有可调节的组织粘附强度（14.6-83.9 kPa）和微孔结构（8-18 µm），并且溶血率< 1.5%。值得注意的是，微孔大小主要控制止血，与纤维蛋白胶等相比，孔径为 16-18 µm 的水凝胶的止血速度最快，约 14 秒，失血量最低，约 6%。而且，生物相容性和止血都会影响伤口愈合性能，这通过溶血、细胞毒性、皮下植入以及止血和愈合试验进行评估。重要的是，糖多肽水凝胶处理的大鼠皮肤缺损模型在第 14 天实现了伤口完全闭合并再生了厚厚的真皮和带有一些毛囊的表皮。 因此，这项工作不仅建立了一种构建具有可调粘附性和微孔结构的糖多肽水凝胶的通用方法、快速止血和卓越的愈合功能，但也揭示了设计高性能止血和愈合水凝胶的有用原理。