This article studies the variables of entrepreneurship at the regional (countries) level proposed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in its periodic global reports. This response to the suggestions and concerns of various authors is related to the need to analyze the theoretical foundation of the variables used by GEM. The validity and reliability of GEM data for the scientific study of entrepreneurship are also analyzed. Finally, the potential of GEM data to manage entrepreneurship variables at the country level is studied. Data from the GEM global report and the fifty countries for which data are available on all variables are used in the study. The methodology used is the Rasch mathematical model, a valuable alternative to the Classical Theory of the Test. The results confirm the theoretical validity of GEM data, its validity and reliability for the development of scientific studies, and its potential for managing entrepreneurship variables at the country level. Both the methodology used and the conclusions obtained constitute novel contributions to this field.

中文翻译：

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通过 Rasch 数学模型探索全球创业监测的个人和背景变量

本文研究了全球创业观察（GEM）在其定期全球报告中提出的区域（国家）层面的创业变量。这种对不同作者的建议和关注的回应与分析 GEM 使用的变量的理论基础的需要有关。还分析了GEM数据在创业科学研究中的有效性和可靠性。最后，研究了 GEM 数据在国家层面管理创业变量的潜力。研究中使用了来自 GEM 全球报告的数据以及所有变量数据都可用的 50 个国家。所使用的方法是 Rasch 数学模型，这是经典测试理论的一种有价值的替代方法。结果证实了 GEM 数据的理论有效性，其对科学研究发展的有效性和可靠性，以及在国家层面管理创业变量的潜力。所使用的方法和所获得的结论都是对该领域的新贡献。